充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激式成(cheng)本低，市場占有率高。

       鉛酸電(dian)池已經(jing)有100多年的歷史了，開始全球普(pu)遍沿(yan)引老的觀點(dian)和操作規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是(shi)電(dian)池容量）壽命較長。美國人麥斯(si)先生(sheng)為解(jie)(jie)決快速充(chong)電(dian)問題，1967年向(xiang)全世界公布了他的研究成果(guo)，用大(da)于(yu)1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)間歇時對電(dian)池放電(dian)。放電(dian)有利于(yu)消除極(ji)化、降低電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)溫度(du)、提高極(ji)板接受電(dian)荷的能力。

我(wo)國一(yi)些(xie)科技工作者在(zai)1969年前后(hou)，根據麥斯先生的(de)三定(ding)律(lv)制(zhi)作成功了多(duo)種品牌的(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過(guo)程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短(duan)(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后(hou)，有(you)人將這一(yi)原理(li)用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時由于(yu)不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)中串(chuan)連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般在(zai)1秒內短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)能跳變(bian)，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時間(jian)短(duan)(duan)促，可(ke)(ke)以保護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然為負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)業就(jiu)出現了名詞“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而(er)且稱可(ke)(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)普(pu)遍使(shi)用(yong)了(le)所謂三(san)(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)時(shi)，面板指示燈(deng)相應(ying)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)，大(da)多數(shu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)、二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈(deng)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相互轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)是由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)決(jue)定(ding)的(de)，大(da)于某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小(xiao)于某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買新充電器要檢查三(san)(san)(san)(san)段式充電器的(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，第(di)(di)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)段的(de)低恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值，第(di)(di)二個重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)二階(jie)段的(de)高(gao)(gao)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值，第(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)轉換電流(liu)(liu)(liu)。這(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)電池(chi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)目有關(guan)，與(yu)電池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)Ah有關(guan)，與(yu)溫(wen)度有關(guan)，與(yu)電池(chi)種類有關(guan)。用(yong)戶一般(ban)可以(yi)自己(ji)測得第(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)階(jie)段的(de)低恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值。方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)，不(bu)接電池(chi)，給(gei)充電器加市(shi)電，用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的(de)200V直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)檔測充電器的(de)輸出電壓(ya)。另兩個參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值和轉折電流(liu)(liu)(liu)一般(ban)需要專用(yong)工具才能測得。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)(xian)插電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后(hou)加市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；充(chong)足后(hou)，先(xian)(xian)切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭。如果在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)先(xian)(xian)拔電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)（紅燈）時(shi)，非常容易損壞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定要(yao)進行前(qian)述三個參數的測試(shi)。7，有一種不(bu)(bu)帶工頻(pin)變壓器的可控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調(diao)，未徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)(bu)要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，貨運三輪(lun)使用這類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的客戶特(te)別要(yao)注意安全(quan)。