充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激(ji)式成本(ben)低，市場(chang)占有率(lv)高。

       鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池已經有(you)100多年的(de)歷史了，開始全球(qiu)普遍(bian)沿引老的(de)觀點和(he)操作(zuo)規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)）壽命較長。美國(guo)人麥斯(si)先生為解(jie)決快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向全世界公布了他的(de)研究(jiu)成(cheng)果(guo)，用大于1C率(lv)脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有(you)利于消除極化、降低電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)溫度、提高極板接受電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能力。

我國一些(xie)科技(ji)工作者在(zai)1969年(nian)前后，根(gen)據(ju)麥斯先生的三定律制作成功了多(duo)種品牌(pai)的快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年(nian)前后，有人將這一原理用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，用小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時由于(yu)(yu)不切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)中串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般在(zai)1秒內短(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能跳變，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時間短(duan)促，可以(yi)(yi)保護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為(wei)負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出(chu)現了名(ming)詞(ci)“負脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且(qie)稱可以(yi)(yi)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車普遍使用了所謂三段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術角(jiao)度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而(er)言(yan)：第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換時(shi)，面(mian)板指示燈(deng)相應變(bian)(bian)換，大多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)(bian)綠燈(deng)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互轉換是由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)決定的，大于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小(xiao)于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買新充電器要(yao)檢查三(san)(san)(san)段式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是涓流(liu)階段的(de)低恒壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是第(di)二(er)階段的(de)高(gao)恒壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池數(shu)(shu)目有關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容量Ah有關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)溫度有關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池種類有關(guan)(guan)。用戶一(yi)般可以(yi)自己測得第(di)三(san)(san)(san)階段的(de)低恒壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法(fa)是，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)(shu)字萬用表的(de)200V直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另(ling)兩個(ge)參(can)數(shu)(shu)高(gao)恒壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般需(xu)要(yao)專(zhuan)用工具才能測得。

開關電源式充電器的正確(que)操(cao)作是：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，先插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)；充足后，先切斷(duan)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，后拔(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭。如果在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時先拔(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭，特別是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大（紅(hong)燈）時，非常(chang)容(rong)易(yi)損壞充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定要(yao)進行前述三個參數的(de)測試。7，有一種不(bu)帶工(gong)頻變壓(ya)器的(de)可控硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，直(zhi)接整(zheng)流市電(dian)(dian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)要(yao)摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)池，貨運(yun)三輪使用這類(lei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)客戶特(te)別要(yao)注意安全。