充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激式成本低(di)，市場占有率高。

       鉛酸電(dian)池已經有(you)100多年(nian)的歷史(shi)了，開(kai)始全(quan)球普(pu)遍沿引老的觀(guan)點(dian)和(he)操(cao)作規程：充、放電(dian)率為0.1C（C是電(dian)池容量(liang)）壽命(ming)較(jiao)長。美國人麥斯先生為解決快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)問(wen)題，1967年(nian)向全(quan)世界公布了他的研(yan)究成果，用大于1C率脈沖電(dian)流充電(dian)，充電(dian)間歇時對電(dian)池放電(dian)。放電(dian)有(you)利于消(xiao)除極(ji)化、降(jiang)低電(dian)解液溫度(du)、提高(gao)極(ji)板接受電(dian)荷的能力。

我(wo)國(guo)一些科(ke)技工作者在1969年(nian)前后，根(gen)據麥斯先(xian)生的三定律(lv)制作成功了多(duo)種品(pin)牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短暫放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年(nian)前后，有人(ren)將(jiang)(jiang)這(zhe)一原(yuan)理用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)，用小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)瞬(shun)間(jian)，進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路(lu)時由(you)(you)于不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)中串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在1秒(miao)內短路(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)能跳(tiao)變，短路(lu)時間(jian)短促，可以保護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分(fen)。如(ru)果把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向叫正，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了名詞“負脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且(qie)稱可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)動車普遍使用了所謂(wei)三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)器，第(di)(di)一(yi)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)子技(ji)術角度針(zhen)對電(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)一(yi)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)充電(dian)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)高恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)低(di)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換(huan)時，面板指示燈相應變換(huan)，大多數充電(dian)器第(di)(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠(lv)燈。第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相互轉換(huan)是由充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)決定的(de)，大于(yu)(yu)某電(dian)流(liu)(liu)進入(ru)第(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)某電(dian)流(liu)(liu)進入(ru)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個電(dian)流(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)轉換(huan)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)轉折電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

買新充電器要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)查(cha)三段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)三個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)涓流階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)第(di)二(er)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)，第(di)三個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)轉換電流。這三個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)電池數(shu)(shu)(shu)目有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電池的(de)(de)容量(liang)Ah有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)溫度(du)有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電池種類有(you)關(guan)(guan)。用(yong)戶(hu)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)可(ke)以自己測(ce)得第(di)三階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。方法(fa)是(shi)，不接(jie)電池，給(gei)充(chong)電器(qi)加(jia)市電，用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字萬用(yong)表的(de)(de)200V直(zhi)流電壓(ya)(ya)檔(dang)測(ce)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)。另兩個(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)和轉折電流一(yi)般(ban)(ban)需要(yao)(yao)專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)得。

開關電源式充電器的正(zheng)確操(cao)作是：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，先(xian)插電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，后(hou)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)；充(chong)(chong)足后(hou)，先(xian)切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池插頭。如果(guo)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)先(xian)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池插頭，特別是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)（紅(hong)燈(deng)）時(shi)(shi)，非常容易損壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定要進行前(qian)述(shu)三個參數的測試(shi)。7，有一種不帶工(gong)頻變壓器的可(ke)控硅充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，直(zhi)接整流市電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹(che)底切斷(duan)市電(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不要摸電(dian)(dian)池，貨運(yun)三輪使(shi)用這類(lei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的客(ke)戶特別要注(zhu)意安(an)全。