充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激式成本低(di)，市場占有率高。

       鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池已經有100多(duo)年的歷史了，開始全球普遍沿(yan)引老的觀點(dian)和操作規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池容量）壽(shou)命較長。美國(guo)人麥斯先生為解決快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)問題(ti)，1967年向全世(shi)界公布(bu)了他的研究(jiu)成果，用大于1C率(lv)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)間(jian)歇(xie)時對電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有利于消除(chu)極(ji)化(hua)、降低(di)電(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提(ti)高極(ji)板接受電(dian)(dian)荷的能力。

我(wo)國一些(xie)科技(ji)工(gong)作者在1969年前后(hou)，根據麥(mai)斯(si)先生的(de)(de)(de)三定律制作成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后(hou)，有人將這一原(yuan)理(li)用(yong)(yong)到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)，用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時由于不切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在1秒(miao)內(nei)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫(hao)秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫(hao)秒(miao)），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能(neng)跳(tiao)變，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時間短(duan)促，可(ke)(ke)以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然(ran)為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車業就出(chu)現(xian)了(le)名詞(ci)“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可(ke)(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)普遍使(shi)用了(le)所謂(wei)三(san)(san)(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，第(di)一個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)(san)(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)一個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)(san)(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時，面(mian)板(ban)指示燈(deng)相應變換(huan)，大(da)多數充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器第(di)一、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅(hong)燈(deng)，第(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠(lv)燈(deng)。第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相互轉(zhuan)換(huan)是(shi)由充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流決定的(de)，大(da)于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進入(ru)第(di)一第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進入(ru)第(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流叫(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

買新充電器要(yao)檢查三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)涓流(liu)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)(di)二個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)第(di)(di)二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)(di)三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)轉(zhuan)換電(dian)流(liu)。這三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)與電(dian)池數(shu)目有關(guan)，與電(dian)池的(de)(de)容量Ah有關(guan)，與溫度有關(guan)，與電(dian)池種類有關(guan)。用(yong)戶一(yi)般可以自己測(ce)得(de)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接電(dian)池，給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器加(jia)市電(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)200V直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。另兩個參(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般需要(yao)專用(yong)工具(ju)才(cai)能測(ce)得(de)。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，先插(cha)電(dian)(dian)池，后(hou)加市(shi)電(dian)(dian)；充(chong)(chong)足(zu)后(hou)，先切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池插(cha)頭。如果在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時先拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池插(cha)頭，特別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大（紅(hong)燈）時，非常(chang)容易(yi)損壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定(ding)要進行前述(shu)三個參數的(de)(de)測試。7，有(you)一種不(bu)帶工頻變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)可控硅充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可調，未徹底切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)要摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)池，貨運三輪(lun)使用這(zhe)類充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)客戶特別要注(zhu)意安全。