充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激(ji)式成本(ben)低，市(shi)場(chang)占有率高。

       鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已經有100多年的(de)歷史了，開(kai)始全球(qiu)普(pu)遍(bian)沿引老的(de)觀點和操作規(gui)程：充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量）壽(shou)命(ming)較長。美(mei)國人(ren)麥斯(si)先生為解決(jue)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向全世界(jie)公(gong)布了他的(de)研究成(cheng)果，用大于1C率(lv)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇時對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有利于消(xiao)除(chu)極化、降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溫度(du)、提高極板接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能力。

我(wo)國一些科技工作(zuo)者(zhe)在(zai)1969年前后(hou)，根(gen)據麥斯先生的三定律制作(zuo)成功(gong)了多(duo)種(zhong)品(pin)牌的快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程(cheng)是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)暫(zan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停(ting)止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后(hou)，有人將這一原理用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間，進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時由于(yu)不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)中串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般(ban)在(zai)1秒(miao)(miao)內短(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫(hao)秒(miao)(miao)（1秒(miao)(miao)＝1000毫(hao)秒(miao)(miao)），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)(bu)能跳變，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時間短(duan)促，可(ke)以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部分。如果把(ba)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為(wei)負(fu)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業(ye)就出現(xian)了名(ming)詞“負(fu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾年，電(dian)動車(che)普遍使用了所謂(wei)三段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從(cong)電(dian)子技術角度針對電(dian)池而言(yan)：第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)限流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)高(gao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)低(di)恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼(tie)切(qie)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換時，面板指示燈(deng)相(xiang)應變換，大(da)多數(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈(deng)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相(xiang)互(hu)轉(zhuan)換是由充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流決定的，大(da)于(yu)某電(dian)流進(jin)(jin)入第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于(yu)某電(dian)流進(jin)(jin)入第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)流叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)換電(dian)流，也叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)折電(dian)流。

買新充電器要檢(jian)查三(san)(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的三(san)(san)個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)，第一個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)是涓(juan)流階段(duan)的低(di)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值，第二個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)是第二階段(duan)的高恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值，第三(san)(san)個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)是轉換電(dian)流。這(zhe)三(san)(san)個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)與電(dian)池數(shu)目(mu)有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)池的容(rong)量Ah有(you)關(guan)，與溫(wen)度有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)池種類有(you)關(guan)。用(yong)戶一般可以自己測(ce)得第三(san)(san)階段(duan)的低(di)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。方法是，不(bu)接電(dian)池，給充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)表(biao)的200V直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。另(ling)兩個參(can)(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值和轉折電(dian)流一般需要專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)得。

開關電源式充電器的正(zheng)確操作是：充電(dian)時(shi)，先插電(dian)池，后(hou)(hou)加市電(dian)；充足后(hou)(hou)，先切斷市電(dian)，后(hou)(hou)拔電(dian)池插頭。如果在充電(dian)時(shi)先拔電(dian)池插頭，特(te)別是充電(dian)電(dian)流大(da)（紅燈(deng)）時(shi)，非常容(rong)易損(sun)壞充電(dian)器。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)前(qian)述三個參數的測試。7，有一(yi)(yi)種不(bu)帶工頻(pin)變壓器的可(ke)控硅充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機，直(zhi)接整流市電(dian)為電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流可(ke)到30A，電(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹底切(qie)斷市電(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)要(yao)(yao)摸電(dian)池，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的客戶特別要(yao)(yao)注意安全。