充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激(ji)式成本低，市場占有率高。

       鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池已經有100多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史了，開(kai)始全球普遍沿引老的(de)(de)觀點和操作規(gui)程(cheng)：充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)率為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)）壽(shou)命較長。美國人麥(mai)斯先生為解決快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)問(wen)題，1967年(nian)向全世界公布(bu)了他的(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果，用大于1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有利(li)于消除極(ji)化、降低電(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提高極(ji)板接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)能力(li)。

我國(guo)一些科(ke)技工(gong)作者在(zai)1969年(nian)前(qian)后(hou)，根據麥斯先生的(de)三定律制作成功了(le)(le)多(duo)種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程(cheng)是(shi)：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年(nian)前(qian)后(hou)，有人(ren)將這一原理用到了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)，進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時由于(yu)不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串連了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在(zai)1秒(miao)(miao)內短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)(miao)（1秒(miao)(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)(miao)），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時間(jian)短(duan)(duan)促，可以保護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分(fen)。如果把充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫(jiao)正(zheng)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)名詞(ci)“負脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車普遍使用了所謂(wei)三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)(er)(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)(er)(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)二(er)(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換(huan)時，面板指示(shi)燈相應(ying)變換(huan)，大多(duo)數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)第(di)一(yi)、二(er)(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈。第(di)二(er)(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互轉換(huan)是由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決定的，大于(yu)某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)第(di)一(yi)第(di)二(er)(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，小(xiao)于(yu)某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

買新充電器要(yao)(yao)檢查三(san)段式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)三(san)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，第(di)一個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)涓流(liu)階(jie)段的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)二個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)第(di)二階(jie)段的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這三(san)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池數(shu)(shu)目有(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量Ah有(you)關，與溫度有(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池種類有(you)關。用戶一般(ban)可以自己測得第(di)三(san)階(jie)段的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)(shi)，不接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用表的(de)(de)200V直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)(ge)參(can)數(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一般(ban)需要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)用工具才(cai)能測得。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，先插(cha)電(dian)池(chi)，后加市(shi)電(dian)；充(chong)足(zu)后，先切斷市(shi)電(dian)，后拔(ba)電(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)。如(ru)果在充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)先拔(ba)電(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)，特別是充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大（紅燈）時(shi)，非常(chang)容(rong)易(yi)損(sun)壞充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定要(yao)進行前(qian)述三個參數(shu)的測(ce)試。7，有一種不(bu)帶工頻變壓器的可控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)機，直(zhi)接(jie)整流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)為(wei)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流(liu)可到30A，電(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底切(qie)斷市(shi)電(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)要(yao)摸電(dian)池，貨運三輪(lun)使用這類(lei)充(chong)電(dian)機的客戶特(te)別要(yao)注意安全(quan)。