一(yi)．鉛酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)按使用(yong)用(yong)途區(qu)分：

    啟動(dong)型(xing)蓄電池(chi):

    瞬間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)強，卻(que)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，持續時間(jian)3到5秒內(nei)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)我(wo)們(men)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車時都會(hui)(hui)發現(xian)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)持續啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)越(yue)大(da)越(yue)打不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，因為啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)能(neng)量蓄(xu)積(ji)過程，不(bu)是均衡放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)作(zuo)也不(bu)會(hui)(hui)深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，完全不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)靠脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來充飽和，所以該蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)普遍用于(yu)汽車、摩托(tuo)等作(zuo)為啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機使用。

    動力型蓄電池(也稱深循環電瓶)：

    瞬間放電能力較差，但可(ke)以深度放電，并且放電時電流變化(hua)幅(fu)度比(bi)啟動型(xing)蓄電池小(xiao)。一(yi)般(ban)適用(yong)于高(gao)爾(er)夫球車、電動公共車輛、叉車、洗地(di)機、杠(gang)桿(gan)式升降(jiang)機、新能源、應急燈、休閑型(xing)車等作為驅動電源使用(yong)。動力型(xing)蓄電池可(ke)提供(gong)持(chi)續(xu)穩定的電力供(gong)應。

    后(hou)備電(dian)源(yuan)型蓄電(dian)池:

    主(zhu)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)于UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、應(ying)急燈、通(tong)信機(ji)房等(deng)。其主(zhu)要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時作(zuo)為(wei)應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)般不需要深(shen)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，因為(wei)一(yi)般停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后很快會(hui)恢復。

    4.儲(chu)能型蓄電池：

    主要用于(yu)風力、太陽能發(fa)電后將產生(sheng)的(de)電能儲存起來后通過逆(ni)變器轉換成(cheng)交流電提供給電網。

    二．按維護方式區分：

    1.開口富(fu)液蓄(xu)電(dian)池（加水型）：

    此類蓄電池大部分采用(yong)鉛(qian)銻(ti)合金板柵，充電時容(rong)易(yi)發生水分子的減(jian)少，每隔(ge)一(yi)(yi)定時間必須檢查(cha)電解液的液面(mian)(mian)，如液面(mian)(mian)低于極板則添加蒸餾水至高于液面(mian)(mian)，還要經(jing)常測試酸的濃度。超(chao)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間不使用(yong)需(xu)必須定期補充電等。

    2．閥控式貧(pin)液式蓄電池（所謂免維護蓄電池）：

    閥控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池大部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)鉛鈣合金(jin)板(ban)柵(zha)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)產(chan)生的水分(fen)解量少，水份蒸發量低，加上外殼采(cai)用(yong)密封結構(gou)，釋放(fang)(fang)出(chu)來的硫酸(suan)氣體(ti)(ti)（專(zhuan)業稱為酸(suan)霧）也很少，所以它(ta)(ta)與(yu)開口(kou)富液式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比，具有不需添加任何液體(ti)(ti)，不會漏(lou)液，對接線樁頭、電(dian)(dian)(dian)線腐蝕(shi)少，抗過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力強，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量儲存時(shi)間長(chang)等(deng)優(you)點。另外閥控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池由于自身結構(gou)上的優(you)勢，它(ta)(ta)還具有耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高溫、體(ti)(ti)積小(xiao)、自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的特點。使用(yong)壽命一般(ban)比開口(kou)富液式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池長(chang),減少了維護成本，降低了對使用(yong)人員的管理標準。

    但切記閥控式蓄電(dian)(dian)池不是(shi)真正的(de)免維護電(dian)(dian)瓶，所(suo)謂(wei)稱(cheng)之為免維護只是(shi)相對于開口富液蓄電(dian)(dian)池而言，超過(guo)一段時間不使用也(ye)需采(cai)用定期補充電(dian)(dian)等維護措施。

    市場上(shang)的免維護蓄電池(chi)也有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)不流動(dong)的液(ye)體(ti)（AGM），另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)電解液(ye)為(wei)凝(ning)膠狀（GEL）。GEL膠體(ti)閥控(kong)式(shi)(shi)蓄電池(chi)比AGM閥控(kong)式(shi)(shi)蓄電池(chi)具有(you)循環使用性能更好、自放電低、電解液(ye)無分(fen)層(ceng)現象及不會發生(sheng)熱失控(kong)等諸多優勢(shi)。

    充電(dian)器）

    此種充電機一(yi)般內(nei)部都有變壓器。其優點(dian)是結構簡單，負載(zai)能(neng)力強一(yi)些，可靠性強；缺點(dian)是笨重不易攜(xie)帶、內(nei)耗(hao)浪(lang)費大(da)，控制(zhi)性能(neng)比較少。

    高頻充電機 （開關型充電器）

    高頻充(chong)電機顧名思義就是頻率(lv)高。其一(yi)般不(bu)帶(dai)變壓器，主要通過電子電路進(jin)行控制。其優(you)點是輕巧便(bian)攜(xie)，工作功能齊全。

    按(an)技術含量(liang)區(qu)分：

    普通型充電(dian)機：

    主要適(shi)合于臨時性、緊急性使用(yong)(yong)（主要適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于啟動(dong)型蓄電池）。其設計簡單、價格低，這種充電機一般不帶充電保(bao)護(hu)功能，也不會自動(dong)停機。此(ci)種充電機不適(shi)合專業的及長期性對除啟動(dong)型蓄電池以外的蓄電池使用(yong)(yong)，因為長期使用(yong)(yong)會對充電機產生副(fu)作用(yong)(yong)。

    智能(neng)型(xing)充電機：

    主要適用于長期及保護性的(de)(de)對專(zhuan)業(ye)蓄電(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。此種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程是變化(hua)的(de)(de)，具(ju)有科學的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)量控制技術，確(que)保蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)足，不(bu)過充(chong)(chong)、不(bu)欠充(chong)(chong)；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)顯示運(yun)行狀態(tai)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)容量；具(ju)有自動檢測、延(yan)時(shi)啟(qi)動、開路(lu)(lu)、接(jie)反、過載、短路(lu)(lu)、過熱、溫(wen)度補償(chang)、恒流(liu)、恒壓(ya)、脈沖、均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)等功能(neng)；具(ju)有自動補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)足后自動關機等功效，無需(xu)人(ren)員看(kan)管。

    注意：充電時充電電流應稍小些，采用與電瓶容量相匹配的充電器（決不(bu)可(ke)以超過額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)15%），如(ru)采用大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器易使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)能會(hui)發生爆炸，導致傷(shang)人(ren)并造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)使(shi)用壽命短(切記如(ru)只追求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)快速只會(hui)對您的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)造成傷(shang)害(hai))。另外充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器分(fen)為(wei)(wei)開口(kou)富(fu)液(ye)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（加水型(xing)）及閥控式貧液(ye)式蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（所謂免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池）兩種，它(ta)們的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)。目前市場上的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器大(da)部分(fen)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)啟動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而設計的(de)，不(bu)適用于(yu)動力型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。