一．鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)按使用用途區分：

    啟動(dong)型蓄電池:

    瞬間放(fang)電能(neng)力強，卻不(bu)會(hui)深(shen)度(du)放(fang)電，持續(xu)時間3到5秒內，一(yi)般我們(men)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)汽車時都會(hui)發現(xian)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)型蓄(xu)電池持續(xu)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)越(yue)大越(yue)打不(bu)動(dong)，因為啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)型蓄(xu)電瓶有一(yi)個能(neng)量蓄(xu)積過(guo)程，不(bu)是均衡放(fang)電，一(yi)般工作(zuo)也不(bu)會(hui)深(shen)度(du)放(fang)電，完全不(bu)需要靠(kao)脈沖電流來充飽和(he)，所以(yi)該蓄(xu)電池普(pu)遍用于汽車、摩托等(deng)作(zuo)為啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)發動(dong)機使用。

    動(dong)力(li)型蓄電池(也(ye)稱深循環電瓶)：

    瞬間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)(li)(li)較差，但可以深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并且放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變化幅度比啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)小。一般適用于高爾夫球車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)公共車(che)輛、叉車(che)、洗地機(ji)、杠桿式升降機(ji)、新能源、應(ying)急燈(deng)、休閑型(xing)車(che)等(deng)作為(wei)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源使用。動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可提供持續穩定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)。

    后(hou)備電(dian)源型蓄(xu)電(dian)池:

    主要使用于UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、應急燈(deng)、通信機房等。其(qi)主要作用是停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)作為應急電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)使用，一般不需要深度放電(dian)(dian)，因(yin)為一般停電(dian)(dian)后很快會(hui)恢復。

    4.儲能型蓄電池(chi)：

    主要(yao)用于風力(li)、太陽能發電后將產生的(de)電能儲存起(qi)來后通過(guo)逆(ni)變器轉(zhuan)換(huan)成交流(liu)電提供給(gei)電網(wang)。

    二．按(an)維護方(fang)式區分：

    1.開口(kou)富液蓄(xu)電(dian)池（加(jia)水型）：

    此(ci)類蓄電(dian)池大部分(fen)采用鉛銻合金(jin)板柵，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)容易發生水分(fen)子(zi)的(de)減少(shao)，每隔(ge)一定時(shi)間(jian)必(bi)須檢查電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)的(de)液(ye)(ye)面(mian)，如液(ye)(ye)面(mian)低于極板則添加蒸餾水至(zhi)高于液(ye)(ye)面(mian)，還要經常(chang)測試(shi)酸的(de)濃度。超過一段時(shi)間(jian)不使(shi)用需必(bi)須定期補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)等。

    2．閥控(kong)式貧液式蓄電池(chi)(chi)（所謂免維護蓄電池(chi)(chi)）：

    閥(fa)(fa)控式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池大部分采用(yong)鉛鈣合(he)金板柵，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時產生(sheng)的水分解量(liang)少(shao)，水份蒸發量(liang)低，加(jia)上(shang)外殼采用(yong)密(mi)封結構，釋放(fang)出來(lai)的硫酸氣體（專業稱為酸霧）也(ye)很(hen)少(shao)，所以它與開口富(fu)液(ye)(ye)式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比，具有不需添加(jia)任何液(ye)(ye)體，不會(hui)漏(lou)液(ye)(ye)，對(dui)接(jie)線(xian)樁頭、電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)腐(fu)蝕少(shao)，抗過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力強，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)儲存時間(jian)長(chang)等優點(dian)。另外閥(fa)(fa)控式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池由于(yu)自(zi)身結構上(shang)的優勢，它還(huan)具有耐震、耐高溫、體積小、自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小的特點(dian)。使用(yong)壽命(ming)一(yi)般比開口富(fu)液(ye)(ye)式(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池長(chang),減少(shao)了(le)維(wei)護成本(ben)，降低了(le)對(dui)使用(yong)人(ren)員的管理(li)標(biao)準。

    但(dan)切(qie)記閥控式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)是(shi)真正的免維護電(dian)(dian)瓶，所(suo)謂稱(cheng)之為免維護只(zhi)是(shi)相(xiang)對于開(kai)口富液蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池而言，超過一段(duan)時間不(bu)使用(yong)也需(xu)采用(yong)定期補充電(dian)(dian)等維護措施。

    市場上的免維護蓄電池也有兩種：一(yi)種為(wei)(wei)不流動的液體（AGM），另(ling)一(yi)種為(wei)(wei)電解(jie)液為(wei)(wei)凝膠(jiao)狀（GEL）。GEL膠(jiao)體閥(fa)控式(shi)蓄電池比(bi)AGM閥(fa)控式(shi)蓄電池具有循環使用性能更好(hao)、自放電低、電解(jie)液無(wu)分層現象及不會發生熱失控等諸多優勢(shi)。

    充電(dian)器）

    此種充電機一(yi)般內(nei)部都有變壓器。其優(you)點是結(jie)構簡單，負(fu)載能力(li)強一(yi)些，可靠性強；缺點是笨重(zhong)不易攜(xie)帶、內(nei)耗(hao)浪費大，控制性能比較少。

    高頻充電機 （開關型充電器）

    高頻充電機顧名思義就是頻率高。其(qi)一般不帶變壓器，主(zhu)要通過電子(zi)電路(lu)進行控制。其(qi)優點是輕巧(qiao)便攜，工作功能齊全。

    按技術含量區分：

    普通型充電機：

    主(zhu)要適(shi)合于(yu)臨時性、緊急性使用(yong)(yong)(yong)（主(zhu)要適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)啟動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)）。其設(she)計簡(jian)單、價格(ge)低(di)，這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)帶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)保護功能，也不(bu)(bu)會自動停機。此種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機不(bu)(bu)適(shi)合專業(ye)的(de)及長(chang)期(qi)性對除(chu)啟動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)以外的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，因為長(chang)期(qi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)會對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機產生副(fu)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

    智能型充(chong)電機：

    主要適用(yong)于長期及保(bao)護性的(de)對專(zhuan)業蓄電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。此種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)是變化(hua)的(de)，具(ju)有(you)科學的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量控制技術(shu)，確保(bao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)足，不過充(chong)(chong)、不欠(qian)充(chong)(chong)；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時顯示運行狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)池容量；具(ju)有(you)自(zi)動(dong)檢測、延時啟動(dong)、開路、接反(fan)、過載、短路、過熱、溫度補償、恒流、恒壓、脈沖、均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)等功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)；具(ju)有(you)自(zi)動(dong)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，充(chong)(chong)足后(hou)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)機(ji)等功(gong)(gong)效，無(wu)需人員看管。

    注意：充電時充電電流應稍小些，采用與電瓶容量相匹配的充電器（決不可以(yi)超過額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)15%），如采(cai)用(yong)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)易(yi)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能會發生(sheng)爆炸，導(dao)致傷(shang)人并造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)短(duan)(切記(ji)如只追求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)快速只會對您的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶造成傷(shang)害(hai))。另外(wai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)分(fen)為開口富液(ye)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（加水型）及(ji)閥(fa)控(kong)式貧液(ye)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（所謂免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）兩種(zhong)，它們的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線是不同(tong)的(de)。目前市場上的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)大(da)(da)部分(fen)是為啟動(dong)型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)設計的(de)，不適用(yong)于動(dong)力(li)型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。