一．鉛酸蓄電(dian)池按使(shi)用用途區分：

    啟動(dong)型蓄電池:

    瞬間放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)能力強，卻(que)不(bu)會深(shen)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，持續時間3到5秒內，一(yi)般我們啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車時都會發現，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池持續啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)越大越打不(bu)動(dong)，因為啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)瓶有一(yi)個(ge)能量蓄積過程(cheng)，不(bu)是均(jun)衡放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般工作也不(bu)會深(shen)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，完全不(bu)需要靠(kao)脈沖電(dian)(dian)流來充飽和，所以該蓄電(dian)(dian)池普遍用于汽(qi)(qi)車、摩(mo)托等作為啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發動(dong)機使用。

    動力(li)型蓄(xu)電池(也稱深循環電瓶)：

    瞬間(jian)放(fang)電能力(li)(li)較(jiao)差(cha)，但可以(yi)深度放(fang)電，并(bing)且放(fang)電時電流變(bian)化(hua)幅度比啟動型蓄電池小。一般適用于(yu)高爾(er)夫球車(che)、電動公共車(che)輛、叉(cha)車(che)、洗地機、杠桿(gan)式(shi)升(sheng)降機、新(xin)能源、應急燈、休(xiu)閑型車(che)等作(zuo)為驅動電源使用。動力(li)(li)型蓄電池可提供(gong)持續穩(wen)定的電力(li)(li)供(gong)應。

    后備(bei)電(dian)源型(xing)蓄電(dian)池:

    主要使(shi)用(yong)于UPS電(dian)源、應(ying)急燈(deng)、通信(xin)機房(fang)等。其(qi)主要作(zuo)用(yong)是停(ting)電(dian)時作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)應(ying)急電(dian)源使(shi)用(yong)，一般(ban)不需要深(shen)度放電(dian)，因為(wei)(wei)一般(ban)停(ting)電(dian)后很快會恢(hui)復。

    4.儲能型(xing)蓄電池：

    主要用于(yu)風力、太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后將產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存起來后通過(guo)逆變器轉換成交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)提供給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

    二．按維護(hu)方式區分：

    1.開(kai)口(kou)富(fu)液蓄電池（加(jia)水型）：

    此類蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池大部分(fen)采用鉛銻合金(jin)板柵，充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)容易發生水分(fen)子的減少，每隔一定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)間必須檢查電(dian)(dian)解液的液面(mian)，如液面(mian)低(di)于極板則(ze)添加蒸餾水至高于液面(mian)，還要經常(chang)測試酸的濃(nong)度(du)。超(chao)過(guo)一段時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)使用需必須定(ding)(ding)期補充電(dian)(dian)等。

    2．閥控式貧液式蓄電(dian)池(chi)（所謂免維(wei)護蓄電(dian)池(chi)）：

    閥控式蓄(xu)電(dian)池大部分采(cai)用鉛鈣合金板柵(zha)，充電(dian)時產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)水分解量少，水份蒸(zheng)發(fa)量低，加上外殼采(cai)用密封結(jie)構，釋放出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)氣體(ti)（專(zhuan)業稱為酸(suan)霧）也(ye)很(hen)少，所以它(ta)(ta)與開(kai)口(kou)富(fu)液式蓄(xu)電(dian)池相比，具有不(bu)需(xu)添加任何液體(ti)，不(bu)會漏液，對接線(xian)樁(zhuang)頭、電(dian)線(xian)腐蝕少，抗過充電(dian)能力強，電(dian)量儲存時間(jian)長(chang)等優點。另(ling)外閥控式蓄(xu)電(dian)池由(you)于(yu)自(zi)身結(jie)構上的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，它(ta)(ta)還具有耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高溫、體(ti)積小、自(zi)放電(dian)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。使(shi)用壽命一般比開(kai)口(kou)富(fu)液式蓄(xu)電(dian)池長(chang),減少了維護成本，降低了對使(shi)用人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理標準。

    但切記閥控式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不是真正的免維護(hu)電(dian)瓶，所謂稱之為免維護(hu)只是相(xiang)對于(yu)開口(kou)富液蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，超過一(yi)段(duan)時間不使用也需采用定期補充電(dian)等維護(hu)措施。

    市(shi)場上的免維護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池也有兩種(zhong)：一種(zhong)為不流動(dong)的液體（AGM），另一種(zhong)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液為凝膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)（GEL）。GEL膠(jiao)體閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池比AGM閥(fa)控(kong)式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池具有循環使用性(xing)能更好(hao)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液無(wu)分層現(xian)象及不會(hui)發生熱失控(kong)等諸多優勢。

    充(chong)電器）

    此種充電機(ji)一般(ban)內部(bu)都有變壓器(qi)。其優點是結構(gou)簡(jian)單，負(fu)載能力(li)強一些，可靠(kao)性強；缺點是笨重不易攜帶、內耗浪費大，控(kong)制(zhi)性能比(bi)較(jiao)少。

    高頻充電機 （開關型充電器）

    高(gao)頻充電機顧(gu)名(ming)思義就是頻率高(gao)。其一般不(bu)帶(dai)變(bian)壓器，主要通過電子電路(lu)進行控(kong)制。其優點是輕巧(qiao)便攜，工作功能(neng)齊(qi)全。

    按技術含量(liang)區分(fen)：

    普通型充電(dian)機：

    主要(yao)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)臨時性、緊(jin)急(ji)性使(shi)用（主要(yao)適(shi)用于(yu)啟動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)）。其設計(ji)簡單、價格低，這種(zhong)充電(dian)機(ji)一般不(bu)帶充電(dian)保護功(gong)能(neng)，也不(bu)會自(zi)動停(ting)機(ji)。此種(zhong)充電(dian)機(ji)不(bu)適(shi)合(he)專業的及長(chang)期性對除啟動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)以外(wai)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用，因為長(chang)期使(shi)用會對充電(dian)機(ji)產生副(fu)作用。

    智能(neng)型充電機：

    主(zhu)要適用于長(chang)期(qi)及保護性的對(dui)專業蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程是變化(hua)的，具有(you)科學的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量控(kong)制技術，確保蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足，不過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)、不欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)；充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)顯示運行(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量；具有(you)自(zi)動檢測、延時(shi)啟動、開路、接反、過(guo)載(zai)、短路、過(guo)熱、溫度(du)補償(chang)、恒(heng)流、恒(heng)壓、脈沖、均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功(gong)能；具有(you)自(zi)動補充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)足后(hou)自(zi)動關機等(deng)功(gong)效，無需(xu)人員看(kan)管。

    注意：充電時充電電流應稍小些，采用與電瓶容量相匹配的充電器（決不可以超過(guo)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)15%），如采用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)易使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能會發生爆炸，導致傷人(ren)并造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶使(shi)用(yong)壽命短(切記如只追(zhui)求充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)快速只會對您的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶造成傷害(hai))。另外充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)分(fen)為(wei)開口富液(ye)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（加水型(xing)）及閥控式貧液(ye)式蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（所謂免維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）兩種(zhong)，它們的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)是不同的(de)(de)。目前市(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)大部分(fen)是為(wei)啟(qi)動型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而設(she)計的(de)(de)，不適(shi)用(yong)于動力型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。