蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)唯一(yi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，它除了(le)供給汽(qi)車(che)驅動(dong)行駛(shi)所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)外，也是(shi)汽(qi)車(che)上各種(zhong)輔助裝置的(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)各項性能(neng)(neng)指標很大程度(du)地(di)決定(ding)了(le)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)行駛(shi)性能(neng)(neng)，如純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)續駛(shi)里程和加速或爬坡動(dong)力性能(neng)(neng)等(deng)。因(yin)此，世界(jie)各國均將電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)池視為研發重點，給予大力的(de)(de)政策以(yi)及財政支(zhi)持。

　　自1970年Propulsion Batteries Limited申請(qing)第一件純電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)專(zhuan)利申請(qing)US3928080以來，幾乎每(mei)年都有新專(zhuan)利申請(qing)被提(ti)交，尤其在1991年后，有關純電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的專(zhuan)利申請(qing)相較于(yu)之(zhi)前成倍增(zeng)長。

　　日(ri)(ri)本(ben)：目前，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其次(ci)為鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。從世(shi)界范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)總量來看，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其管理(li)(li)系(xi)統相關(guan)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)數量最(zui)多。從日(ri)(ri)本(ben)國(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)量來看，在和純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其管理(li)(li)系(xi)統有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)6782件專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)，其中(zhong)超(chao)過90%的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)來自日(ri)(ri)本(ben)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)。無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)從世(shi)界專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)有(you)量角度，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)從日(ri)(ri)本(ben)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)所(suo)占的(de)(de)(de)份額角度，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)在純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其管理(li)(li)系(xi)統領域都是(shi)(shi)實力最(zui)強者，掌(zhang)控著絕大部(bu)分(fen)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)技術。

　　美國：作為世界上最大的汽車生產和消費國，美國較早開展了電動汽車技術研究和開發。目前，美國純電動汽車用蓄電池的研究主要集中在鋰電池，鋰電池相關專(zhuan)(zhuan)利數(shu)(shu)量(liang)占動力電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利數(shu)(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)70%以上，其次為鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)氫電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、空氣電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鈉電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等。從世界(jie)范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)總量(liang)來(lai)看，截至2010年6月，美(mei)國(guo)的(de)(de)純(chun)電動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)其管理(li)系統相關專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)位(wei)于日(ri)本之后，排名第二。從美(mei)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)量(liang)來(lai)看，在和(he)純(chun)電動汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)其管理(li)系統有關的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)中，來(lai)自(zi)(zi)日(ri)本申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)人的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利最多，接近(jin)總量(liang)的(de)(de)60%，而來(lai)自(zi)(zi)美(mei)國(guo)申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)人的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)次于日(ri)本。

　　德國(guo)(guo)：目前，德國(guo)(guo)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)主要集中(zhong)在(zai)鋰電(dian)池，其次(ci)為(wei)鉛酸電(dian)池、鎳氫電(dian)池、鈉電(dian)池和空氣電(dian)池等(deng)。從世界范圍(wei)(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)來(lai)看，截至2010年6月，德國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池及其管(guan)(guan)理系統相(xiang)關(guan)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)數(shu)量(liang)居(ju)世界排名第6位，與排名首位的(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)專利(li)(li)(li)數(shu)量(liang)相(xiang)差很大，僅占(zhan)(zhan)日本(ben)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)11%。從德國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)量(liang)來(lai)看，德國(guo)(guo)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)人持(chi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)約占(zhan)(zhan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)43%，高(gao)于(yu)排名第二的(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)。在(zai)全球范圍(wei)(wei)來(lai)看，德國(guo)(guo)在(zai)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池及其管(guan)(guan)理系統領域的(de)(de)(de)技術實力(li)遠不及日本(ben)，但是在(zai)本(ben)國(guo)(guo)范圍(wei)(wei)內，德國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)技術優勢，專利(li)(li)(li)擁有(you)量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)日本(ben)。

　　韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)：當前韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汽(qi)車(che)產量(liang)和(he)(he)出口(kou)量(liang)分別名列全球第(di)五位(wei)和(he)(he)第(di)四(si)位(wei)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的研究主要集中在鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，其(qi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于(yu)(yu)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。從世界(jie)范圍內的專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的總量(liang)來看(kan)(kan)，韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相(xiang)關(guan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)數(shu)量(liang)在日本(ben)、美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)歐洲之后(hou)。從韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內的專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)來看(kan)(kan)，在和(he)(he)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有關(guan)的專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)中，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)最(zui)多的專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)來自韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人，日本(ben)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人排名第(di)二，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)僅(jin)次于(yu)(yu)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。這兩個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家在蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)領域(yu)的韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于(yu)(yu)排名第(di)三的美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及其(qi)他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家。

　　中國：我國圍繞提高單體電池的電性能、安全性能和壽命等綜合技術指標進行了大量的研究攻關，目前高功率鎳氫電池、鋰離子電池性能有(you)了(le)較大提高。從世界范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)請的(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)來(lai)看，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)純(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)請數(shu)(shu)量(liang)僅次于日(ri)(ri)本和(he)美國(guo)(guo)，排名(ming)第(di)三。從中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)請量(liang)來(lai)看，日(ri)(ri)本在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)請數(shu)(shu)量(liang)最多(duo)，松(song)下、豐(feng)田(tian)、三洋等知名(ming)日(ri)(ri)本企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)高質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)，比亞(ya)迪(002594,股吧)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)研發實力較為突出，主要以鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)聚合物鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為研究重(zhong)點，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)結構及制造方法(fa)十分重(zhong)視。比亞(ya)迪汽(qi)(qi)車(che)早(zao)在(zai)(zai)2003年(nian)就(jiu)申(shen)請了(le)第(di)一件純(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)，2003年(nian)開始在(zai)(zai)純(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)方面進行海外市場專(zhuan)利(li)(li)布局，第(di)一條(tiao)海外申(shen)請的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)是在(zai)(zai)美國(guo)(guo)。

　　在未(wei)(wei)來幾年(nian)的(de)時間(jian)里，在電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車領域的(de)知識產權競爭中(zhong)，日(ri)本將(jiang)走在美(mei)國、歐洲(zhou)和其(qi)他國家的(de)前列(lie)。但由(you)于電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車產業正處于快(kuai)速成長期，許多關鍵(jian)技術(shu)尚未(wei)(wei)出現(xian)成熟的(de)解決(jue)方案(an)，美(mei)國和歐洲(zhou)依托其(qi)強(qiang)大的(de)基礎研究(jiu)優勢，極有可(ke)能(neng)在某些關鍵(jian)技術(shu)上率(lv)先取得(de)(de)突破性進展(zhan)，重新獲得(de)(de)競爭優勢。加(jia)之韓(han)國和中(zhong)國等汽(qi)車產業的(de)后起(qi)之秀不斷加(jia)大電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)研發投入，可(ke)以預料未(wei)(wei)來電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)競爭格局將(jiang)更加(jia)復雜。