蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)唯(wei)一能源(yuan)，它除了供給汽車(che)驅動(dong)行(xing)駛所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能外，也是(shi)汽車(che)上各(ge)種輔助(zhu)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)各(ge)項性(xing)能指標很(hen)大(da)程度地決定了汽車(che)的(de)(de)行(xing)駛性(xing)能，如(ru)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)續(xu)駛里程和加速或爬坡(po)動(dong)力(li)性(xing)能等。因此(ci)，世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國均將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)視為研發重點，給予大(da)力(li)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策以及財政(zheng)支持。

　　自(zi)1970年Propulsion Batteries Limited申請(qing)(qing)第一件(jian)純(chun)電(dian)動汽車用(yong)蓄電(dian)池專利申請(qing)(qing)US3928080以來，幾(ji)乎(hu)每年都有(you)新專利申請(qing)(qing)被(bei)提交，尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)1991年后，有(you)關純(chun)電(dian)動汽車用(yong)蓄電(dian)池的專利申請(qing)(qing)相較于之前(qian)成(cheng)倍增長。

　　日(ri)本(ben)(ben)：目前，日(ri)本(ben)(ben)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)研(yan)究主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其(qi)次為鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鈉(na)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。從(cong)世界范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)總量來(lai)看，日(ri)本(ben)(ben)擁(yong)有的(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相關(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)數量最多。從(cong)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)國內的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量來(lai)看，在(zai)和(he)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)6782件(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)超過(guo)90%的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)來(lai)自日(ri)本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)。無論是從(cong)世界專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)擁(yong)有量角(jiao)度，還(huan)是從(cong)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)所占的(de)(de)份額(e)角(jiao)度，日(ri)本(ben)(ben)在(zai)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)領域都(dou)是實力最強者，掌控(kong)著(zhu)絕大部分專(zhuan)(zhuan)利技術。

　　美國：作為世界上最大的汽車生產和消費國，美國較早開展了電動汽車技術研究和開發。目前，美國純電動汽車用蓄電池的研究主要集中在鋰電池，鋰電池相關(guan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利數量(liang)占動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利數量(liang)的(de)70%以上，其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。從世界范圍內(nei)(nei)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)總量(liang)來看，截至2010年6月(yue)，美國的(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理系(xi)統相關(guan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)數量(liang)位于日(ri)(ri)本(ben)之(zhi)后，排名第二。從美國國內(nei)(nei)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)來看，在和純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其(qi)管理系(xi)統有關(guan)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)中，來自日(ri)(ri)本(ben)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利最多，接近總量(liang)的(de)60%，而來自美國申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)數量(liang)次(ci)于日(ri)(ri)本(ben)。

　　德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)：目前，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)研究主(zhu)要集中在(zai)(zai)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，其次為鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等。從世界(jie)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請的(de)(de)總量來(lai)看，截至2010年(nian)6月，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)其管(guan)(guan)理(li)系統相關專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請數量居(ju)世界(jie)排(pai)名(ming)第6位(wei)，與(yu)排(pai)名(ming)首(shou)位(wei)的(de)(de)日本專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)數量相差很大，僅(jin)占日本申請量的(de)(de)11%。從德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請量來(lai)看，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)申請人持(chi)有(you)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)約占總量的(de)(de)43%，高于(yu)排(pai)名(ming)第二的(de)(de)日本。在(zai)(zai)全球(qiu)范(fan)(fan)圍來(lai)看，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)其管(guan)(guan)理(li)系統領(ling)域的(de)(de)技術實力遠不及(ji)日本，但是在(zai)(zai)本國(guo)(guo)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)擁(yong)有(you)較強的(de)(de)技術優勢，專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)擁(yong)有(you)量高于(yu)日本。

　　韓(han)國(guo)(guo)：當(dang)前(qian)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)汽(qi)車產量和出(chu)口量分別名(ming)(ming)列全球第五(wu)位和第四(si)位。韓(han)國(guo)(guo)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)研究主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，其專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量遠遠高于鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。從(cong)世界范圍內的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)總量來看，韓(han)國(guo)(guo)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)其管(guan)(guan)理系統(tong)相關專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)數(shu)量在(zai)日(ri)本、美國(guo)(guo)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和歐洲(zhou)之后。從(cong)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量來看，在(zai)和純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)其管(guan)(guan)理系統(tong)有關的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量最多的(de)(de)(de)專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)來自韓(han)國(guo)(guo)本國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)，日(ri)本申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)排名(ming)(ming)第二，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量僅(jin)次于韓(han)國(guo)(guo)。這兩(liang)個國(guo)(guo)家在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及(ji)其管(guan)(guan)理系統(tong)領域的(de)(de)(de)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)專利(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量遠遠高于排名(ming)(ming)第三(san)的(de)(de)(de)美國(guo)(guo)及(ji)其他國(guo)(guo)家。

　　中國：我國圍繞提高單體電池的電性能、安全性能和壽命等綜合技術指標進行了大量的研究攻關，目前高功率鎳氫電池、鋰離子電池性能有(you)了較(jiao)大提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。從世界(jie)范圍內專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)總量(liang)(liang)來(lai)看，中國(guo)在(zai)純電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)僅次于日(ri)本(ben)和美國(guo)，排名第三(san)。從中國(guo)國(guo)內的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)量(liang)(liang)來(lai)看，日(ri)本(ben)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)擁有(you)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)最多，松下、豐田、三(san)洋等知(zhi)名日(ri)本(ben)企業在(zai)中國(guo)擁有(you)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)。我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)內企業中，比亞(ya)迪(002594,股(gu)吧)汽(qi)車(che)在(zai)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技術領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)研(yan)發實力較(jiao)為(wei)突出(chu)，主要以(yi)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和聚合物鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)研(yan)究重點，對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)結構及(ji)(ji)制造方法十分(fen)重視。比亞(ya)迪汽(qi)車(che)早在(zai)2003年就申請(qing)(qing)了第一件純電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統的(de)(de)中國(guo)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)，2003年開(kai)始在(zai)純電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統方面進(jin)行海(hai)外市(shi)場專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)布局，第一條海(hai)外申請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)是(shi)在(zai)美國(guo)。

　　在未(wei)來幾年的時間里(li)，在電動(dong)汽(qi)車領域的知識產權競爭(zheng)中，日本(ben)將走在美(mei)國(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)洲和(he)其他國(guo)(guo)家的前列(lie)。但由于電動(dong)汽(qi)車產業正處(chu)于快速成(cheng)長期(qi)，許多關鍵技(ji)術尚未(wei)出現成(cheng)熟(shu)的解決方案，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)和(he)歐(ou)洲依托其強(qiang)大的基礎研究優勢，極有可(ke)能在某些(xie)關鍵技(ji)術上率先取得(de)突(tu)破性進(jin)展(zhan)，重新獲得(de)競爭(zheng)優勢。加之韓國(guo)(guo)和(he)中國(guo)(guo)等汽(qi)車產業的后起(qi)之秀(xiu)不斷(duan)加大電動(dong)汽(qi)車的研發(fa)投入，可(ke)以預料未(wei)來電動(dong)汽(qi)車的競爭(zheng)格局將更加復雜。