手機充電器大致可以分為旅行充電器、座式充電器和維護(hu)型(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)般用戶接觸(chu)的(de)(de)主要是前面兩種。而市場上賣得最多的(de)(de)是旅行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，旅行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)形式(shi)也有(you)多種多樣，常見的(de)(de)有(you)價格(ge)便宜的(de)(de)鴨蛋型(xing)的(de)(de)微型(xing)旅充(chong)，普(pu)通臺式(shi)卡板型(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，帶液晶顯示的(de)(de)高(gao)檔(dang)臺式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

所有手機充電(dian)器其實都是由一(yi)個穩定電(dian)源(yuan)（主要是穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)、提供穩定工作電(dian)壓和足夠的電(dian)流）加上必要的恒流、限(xian)壓、限(xian)時等控制電(dian)路構成。

原(yuan)裝充電器（指線(xian)充）上所標注的(de)輸出(chu)參數：比(bi)如輸出(chu)4.4V/1A、輸出(chu)5.9V/400mA……就是指內部穩壓(ya)(ya)電源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)相關參數。明白了(le)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)道理，你很會知道一個(ge)(ge)（品質好的(de)）手機充電器很容易(yi)改(gai)成一個(ge)(ge)質量優良的(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)電源(yuan)(yuan)！ 比(bi)如輸出(chu)4.4V可(ke)(ke)以(yi)給4.5V的(de)設備用(yong)，5.9V的(de)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)給6V的(de)設備用(yong)……

　　手機(ji)常用(yong)(yong)鋰離子（lion）電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)器采用(yong)(yong)的(de)是恒流(liu)限壓充電(dian)制，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)一般采用(yong)(yong)C2左右----即采用(yong)(yong)兩小(xiao)時充電(dian)率，比如500mah電(dian)池(chi)采用(yong)(yong)250ma充電(dian)大約兩小(xiao)時達到4。2V后再恒壓充電(dian)。

　　lion電池并不適合采用NIMH電池高級快速充電器所用的-DV/DT檢測快速充電方式，因為lion電池對充電電流有嚴格的限制.鋰離子（Li+）非常活潑，大電流充電很容易產生危險。^[1]

種(zhong)類

　　手機充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)大致(zhi)可以分為旅行充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)、座式充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)、USB充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)和維護型充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)，一般用戶接觸的

 

　　主要是(shi)前面兩種。而市場上賣(mai)得最多(duo)的(de)(de)是(shi)旅(lv)(lv)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，旅(lv)(lv)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)形式(shi)也有(you)多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)價格便(bian)宜的(de)(de)鴨蛋型的(de)(de)微型旅(lv)(lv)充(chong)(chong)，普通臺式(shi)卡板型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，帶(dai)液(ye)晶(jing)顯(xian)示的(de)(de)高檔(dang)臺式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。鑒于手機用戶絕大(da)部分都(dou)是(shi)非(fei)專業(ye)用戶，所以(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)基本都(dou)具有(you)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)自停的(de)(de)功能(neng)，而且大(da)部分旅(lv)(lv)充(chong)(chong)都(dou)屬于快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)

時(shi)間在1-3小時(shi)左右。市(shi)場上(shang)很多充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)都標榜自己采用(yong)微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控制，包括一(yi)些價格(ge)非常便(bian)宜的鴨蛋型微(wei)(wei)型旅充(chong)，其(qi)實嚴格(ge)從充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路上(shang)分析，很小部分充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)才能被(bei)真正意義上(shang)被(bei)成(cheng)為(wei)微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控制（單片機控制）。

　　一些廠家在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路上使(shi)用了集成(cheng)塊就自(zi)詡(xu)為(wei)“微電(dian)(dian)腦控制(zhi)”，其(qi)實很(hen)多低成(cheng)本的設計所(suo)選用的集成(cheng)塊都(dou)是廉(lian)價(jia)的運放集成(cheng)塊，而一些專用的充電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)集成(cheng)塊單價(jia)較高(gao)，一般用于比較高(gao)檔(dang)或(huo)名牌的充電(dian)(dian)器中。所(suo)以我們不能(neng)輕信(xin)所(suo)謂微電(dian)(dian)腦控制(zhi)，尤其(qi)是廉(lian)價(jia)型(xing)產品。很(hen)多產品外觀類似但內部線(xian)路卻大不一樣，其(qi)性(xing)能(neng)也大不同。

功(gong)能

　　1、質(zhi)量好的(de)座充(chong)(chong)能夠識別(bie)鋰(li)電池(chi)與鎳氫電池(chi)，進而決定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)保護電路板上有一塊集成電路儲存著鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)特性資料，它一方(fang)(fang)面讓(rang)座充(chong)(chong)能夠識別(bie)鋰(li)電池(chi)，以決定(ding)“定(ding)電流(liu)”及“定(ding)電壓”充(chong)(chong)電模(mo)式(shi)(shi)；另一方(fang)(fang)面也讓(rang)手(shou)機能識別(bie)鋰(li)電池(chi)，以決定(ding)放電方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。

　　2、鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)方(fang)式采用“定電(dian)流”。鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身不怕過充電(dian)，當(dang)鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充時會(hui)有(you)反向反應(ying)，以防(fang)止電(dian)壓過度(du)上升，此(ci)(ci)反應(ying)會(hui)使電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)微微發(fa)熱(re)。此(ci)(ci)外，鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通(tong)常都加有(you)一(yi)(yi)個熱(re)敏電(dian)阻，以防(fang)止電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過度(du)充電(dian)。目前，大部分手機的工作電(dian)壓是3.6V左右(you)，故需三(san)節鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯。而一(yi)(yi)般鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯過充至約1.4～1.5V左右(you)即停止，三(san)節電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最高電(dian)壓為4.4V左右(you)。

　　3、由于(yu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)會發(fa)生(sheng)危險，故對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的設定(ding)條件比鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都要苛刻。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部通常附加一塊(kuai)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)止過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根據(ju)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的特性設計(ji)，第一段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是以(yi)“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”方式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，等(deng)(deng)(deng)到(dao)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)飽時(shi)再以(yi)“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”(約4.1～4.2V之間(jian))充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方式使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)達到(dao)最佳(jia)狀(zhuang)態。市面上(shang)有些座充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)偷工減料，把手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一律識(shi)別成(cheng)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而以(yi)“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”方式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)容易導致鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。品(pin)質佳(jia)的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)此(ci)時(shi)會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，以(yi)防(fang)(fang)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。若遇到(dao)設計(ji)不良的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)，不僅無法保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，還可能因過(guo)(guo)(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯變形、漏液、暴****炸等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

　　4、座充(chong)(chong)(chong)大多采用快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般在3～4個小(xiao)時即已充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。當座充(chong)(chong)(chong)顯示充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完畢時，即使不將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)從座充(chong)(chong)(chong)取下，也只剩下極微弱的電(dian)(dian)量進入電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　5、鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)記憶效應(ying)并不(bu)大(da)，不(bu)需常常放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，鋰電(dian)(dian)池則基本不(bu)需放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。市(shi)面(mian)上銷售的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，其所附的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)裝置質量不(bu)一(yi)。質量差的(de)(de)會(hui)有過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現(xian)象，易造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)負極板的(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質是氫(qing)氧化鉀(jia)堿(jian)性溶液)，進而減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命及平時可使用的(de)(de)容量。在這種情(qing)況下，每次都先放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話，電(dian)(dian)池會(hui)壞得更快。正常情(qing)況下，只要把一(yi)節電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)用到自(zi)動關(guan)機后再去充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，就是對電(dian)(dian)池最好的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)處理方法。

性能(neng)特(te)點

　　在(zai)使用過程中我們(men)也(ye)可以(yi)檢驗充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的性能。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)的后期電(dian)池有略(lve)微的溫升

是正(zheng)常現象，但如果(guo)電(dian)池(chi)明顯發燙，則說明充(chong)電(dian)器未(wei)能及時檢測到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)已飽和(he)，造(zao)成過充(chong)，這(zhe)對電(dian)池(chi)的壽命不利。

　　很多充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器雖然(ran)(ran)沒有過充(chong)現象(xiang)，但存(cun)(cun)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的(de)問題，直接表現為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間短(duan)(duan)，即(ji)手機待機通話時(shi)(shi)間短(duan)(duan)。在(zai)使(shi)用原裝隨機新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)用戶(hu)，可以比(bi)較說明書上提(ti)供的(de)大(da)致參照時(shi)(shi)間，加以對(dui)比(bi)，如果參考(kao)數值與(yu)實際使(shi)用明顯存(cun)(cun)在(zai)差距，則有理由懷疑充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)問題，當然(ran)(ran)也不排除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池質量、手機使(shi)用環境等其(qi)他因(yin)素(su)。

充電方式

　　充(chong)(chong)電的(de)方式最為關(guan)鍵，對鋰(li)電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電需要專(zhuan)門支持(chi)鋰(li)電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電模(mo)式的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器，

一般在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)包(bao)裝上有(you)標注(zhu)。很多充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)兼容兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)，選(xuan)購時要注(zhu)意是(shi)自動識別還是(shi)手(shou)動靠開關設(she)定(ding)，如果是(shi)人工設(she)定(ding)，則(ze)必(bi)須根據所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)類型正確(que)(que)設(she)定(ding)。對于鎳(nie)鎘/鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池，優秀的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用帶下拉負脈充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，可以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中減小極化(hua)效應。而普通廉價充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)則(ze)使用恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)波(bo)形要靠示(shi)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)才(cai)能準確(que)(que)觀察。

選購(gou)方(fang)法

　　選(xuan)購(gou)兼容手機充電器也要講究品牌，應該(gai)是正規廠家生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)商品。因為上面雖

然介紹(shao)一(yi)些(xie)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的原理，但實際識別卻非(fei)常困難。即便(bian)是專業人士，在不打開(kai)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)、不使用測試儀器(qi)的情況下，也很難從充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)外表準確判斷(duan)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的性能(neng)與質(zhi)量(liang)。一(yi)些(xie)著(zhu)名品牌的產品雖然價格會略高(gao)一(yi)些(xie)，但從線路(lu)設計(ji)到(dao)元件選用都比(bi)較(jiao)正規科(ke)學，所以充電(dian)(dian)效果也比(bi)較(jiao)理想對于非(fei)原裝的座(zuo)充還要(yao)看模具的精細(xi)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)，手機插拔能(neng)否一(yi)次到(dao)位，而且阻力均勻、松(song)緊適(shi)度(du)(du)(du)。對于部分直(zhi)接(jie)對電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)的座(zuo)充，同(tong)前面提到(dao)的旅充一(yi)樣，看它線路(lu)設計(ji)合理程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。

統(tong)一接口標準(zhun)

　　2009年2月18日 GSM協會聯合(he)17家移(yi)動運營商(shang)和制造商(shang)宣布，將在全(quan)球建立(li)統一的手機

充(chong)電器連(lian)接標準(zhun)，計劃自2012年1月1日起，所有上市(shi)的(de)手(shou)機產品中絕大部分都(dou)將(jiang)支持統一連(lian)接標準(zhun)的(de)手(shou)機充(chong)電器。

　　手機端接口也實現統一

　　上述標準計劃采用Micro-USB為通用充電接口，并節約50%充電時的能耗。與中國已經實施的統一接口標準不同的是，該標準將手機連接充電器的接口也實現統一。而中國目前正在的實施的標準實質是“在變壓器加裝了USB接口”，手機充電器改為由一(yi)根USB數據(ju)線(xian)和一(yi)個帶有(you)USB接(jie)口的(de)充(chong)電器(qi)座，手機一(yi)端的(de)接(jie)口并沒有(you)要求統(tong)一(yi)。這意(yi)味著GSM協會公布的(de)統(tong)一(yi)充(chong)電器(qi)接(jie)口標(biao)準的(de)變革更加徹(che)底。

　　這(zhe)次諾基亞(ya)、三星、摩托羅拉、索尼愛立(li)信(xin)及(ji)LG均表(biao)現出了(le)積極的態(tai)度。他們與和黃(huang)3Group、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)電報電話公(gong)司、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)電信(xin)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)電信(xin)、高通、意大利電信(xin)、西班牙電信(xin)、澳大利亞(ya)電信(xin)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)電信(xin)和沃達豐等電信(xin)巨頭 一起參與了(le)此計劃。

 

　　建立統一標準有可能(neng)(neng)消(xiao)除高達(da)5.1萬(wan)噸(dun)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)復制品，消(xiao)費(fei)者可用同一個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)為不同品牌的(de)(de)手機充電(dian)(dian)，可減輕消(xiao)費(fei)者負擔。與此同時，由于每年制造(zao)出的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)有可能(neng)(neng)減少50%能(neng)(neng)耗，預計每年在制造(zao)和運輸充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)替(ti)代(dai)品的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)將能(neng)(neng)減少1360萬(wan)到2180萬(wan)噸(dun)的(de)(de)溫室氣體。

　　現階(jie)段(duan)只(zhi)有蘋果公司要(yao)求充電(dian)器輸出電(dian)流達(da)到(dao)1000mA，剩下廠家都(dou)僅僅適應了USB供電(dian)能(neng)力（約(yue)500mA）。因(yin)為500mA的電(dian)流達(da)不到(dao)玩手機時(shi)手機消耗功率，所以使用蘋果手機不需要(yao)擔心一邊充電(dian)一邊玩游戲時(shi)會對電(dian)池的損(sun)壞。

保養

　　1、清洗時放靜電。定期清潔(jie)充(chong)電器和充(chong)電接(jie)口。清理時，要用一塊濕布(bu)，或者一件(jian)抗靜電布(bu)。切勿(wu)使用干燥布(bu)（靜電電荷）！

　　2、防(fang)水防(fang)潮。作為電子(zi)產(chan)品(pin)，不(bu)小(xiao)心(xin)進(jin)水或者長時間不(bu)用時暴露在(zai)潮濕的(de)空氣(qi)中，都會對其內部(bu)的(de)電子(zi)元件造成不(bu)同程度(du)的(de)腐(fu)蝕或氧化。

　　3、防摔防震(zhen)。手機充電(dian)器其(qi)實是一(yi)個脆弱的部(bu)(bu)件，內部(bu)(bu)元器件經不起摔打。尤其(qi)要(yao)防止在使用過程中不小心落地(di)。不要(yao)扔(reng)放、敲(qiao)打或(huo)震(zhen)動充電(dian)器。粗暴地(di)對(dui)待充電(dian)器會毀壞內部(bu)(bu)電(dian)路板

　　4、防(fang)冷(leng)防(fang)熱。不(bu)要將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)器放在(zai)溫度過高(gao)的地(di)方(fang)。高(gao)溫會縮短(duan)電(dian)(dian)子器件(jian)的壽命，毀(hui)壞充電(dian)(dian)器，使(shi)有些塑(su)料部件(jian)變形(xing)或熔化(hua)。也(ye)不(bu)要將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)器存放在(zai)過冷(leng)的地(di)方(fang)。當充電(dian)(dian)器在(zai)過冷(leng)的環境(jing)工作時(shi)，內部溫度升高(gao)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)器內會形(xing)成潮氣，毀(hui)壞電(dian)(dian)路板。

　　5 、防烈(lie)性(xing)化學制品(pin)。不要用(yong)烈(lie)性(xing)化學制品(pin)、清(qing)洗劑或強洗滌(di)劑清(qing)洗充電(dian)器。清(qing)除(chu)充電(dian)器外觀污漬可用(yong)棉(mian)花(hua)沾(zhan)少(shao)量無(wu)水酒(jiu)精擦洗。