手機充電器大致可以分為旅行充電器、座式充電器和維護(hu)型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，一(yi)般用(yong)戶(hu)接觸(chu)的(de)(de)主要(yao)是前面兩種(zhong)。而市場上(shang)賣得(de)最多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)是旅(lv)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，旅(lv)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)形式(shi)也有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣，常見的(de)(de)有(you)價格便宜(yi)的(de)(de)鴨蛋型的(de)(de)微型旅(lv)充(chong)(chong)，普(pu)通臺式(shi)卡板型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，帶液晶顯示的(de)(de)高檔臺式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器。

所(suo)有手機充電(dian)器(qi)其實都(dou)是由一個穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)源（主要是穩(wen)壓電(dian)源、提供穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)壓和足夠的電(dian)流）加上必要的恒流、限壓、限時等控制電(dian)路構成(cheng)。

原裝充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)（指(zhi)線充）上(shang)所標注(zhu)的(de)輸(shu)出參數：比如輸(shu)出4.4V/1A、輸(shu)出5.9V/400mA……就是指(zhi)內部穩壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)相關(guan)參數。明白(bai)了這個(ge)道理(li)，你很會知(zhi)道一個(ge)（品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好的(de)）手機充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)很容(rong)易(yi)改成一個(ge)質(zhi)(zhi)量優良的(de)穩壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)！ 比如輸(shu)出4.4V可以給(gei)4.5V的(de)設備(bei)用，5.9V的(de)可以給(gei)6V的(de)設備(bei)用……

　　手機常(chang)用(yong)鋰離子（lion）電(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器采用(yong)的是(shi)恒(heng)流限壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)制，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流一般采用(yong)C2左右----即采用(yong)兩(liang)小時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)率，比(bi)如(ru)500mah電(dian)池采用(yong)250ma充(chong)(chong)電(dian)大約兩(liang)小時(shi)達到4。2V后再恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

　　lion電池并不適合采用NIMH電池高級快速充電器所用的-DV/DT檢測快速充電方式，因為lion電池對充電電流有嚴格的限制.鋰離子（Li+）非常活潑，大電流充電很容易產生危險。^[1]

種類(lei)

　　手機充電器(qi)大致可(ke)以分為旅行充電器(qi)、座式(shi)充電器(qi)、USB充電器(qi)和(he)維護型(xing)充電器(qi)，一般(ban)用(yong)戶接觸的

 

　　主要是(shi)前面兩種。而市場上賣得最多的是(shi)旅(lv)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，旅(lv)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的形式(shi)也有(you)多種多樣(yang)，常見的有(you)價格便宜的鴨蛋型(xing)(xing)的微型(xing)(xing)旅(lv)充(chong)，普通臺(tai)式(shi)卡(ka)板型(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，帶液晶顯示的高檔臺(tai)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。鑒于手機(ji)用戶絕(jue)大部分(fen)都是(shi)非(fei)專業用戶，所(suo)以充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)基本都具有(you)充(chong)滿自(zi)停(ting)的功能，而且大部分(fen)旅(lv)充(chong)都屬于快速充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，充(chong)電(dian)

時間在1-3小時左右。市場上(shang)(shang)很多(duo)充電(dian)(dian)器都標榜(bang)自己(ji)采用微電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)制，包(bao)括(kuo)一些價格非常便宜的鴨(ya)蛋(dan)型微型旅充，其(qi)實嚴格從充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路上(shang)(shang)分(fen)析，很小部分(fen)充電(dian)(dian)器才能(neng)被(bei)真正(zheng)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)(shang)被(bei)成為微電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)制（單片機控(kong)制）。

　　一(yi)(yi)些廠家在充電(dian)線路(lu)上使(shi)用(yong)了集(ji)成塊就自詡為“微(wei)電(dian)腦控制(zhi)”，其(qi)實很(hen)多低成本的設計所選(xuan)用(yong)的集(ji)成塊都是(shi)廉價的運放(fang)集(ji)成塊，而一(yi)(yi)些專用(yong)的充電(dian)控制(zhi)集(ji)成塊單(dan)價較(jiao)高(gao)，一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)于比較(jiao)高(gao)檔或名牌的充電(dian)器中。所以我們(men)不能輕信所謂微(wei)電(dian)腦控制(zhi)，尤其(qi)是(shi)廉價型產品(pin)。很(hen)多產品(pin)外觀類似但內(nei)部(bu)線路(lu)卻大(da)不一(yi)(yi)樣，其(qi)性能也大(da)不同(tong)。

功能

　　1、質量好的座(zuo)充(chong)能(neng)夠識別(bie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，進(jin)而決(jue)定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的保護電(dian)(dian)路板上有(you)一塊(kuai)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路儲存著鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的特性資料(liao)，它一方(fang)面讓座(zuo)充(chong)能(neng)夠識別(bie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，以決(jue)定“定電(dian)(dian)流”及“定電(dian)(dian)壓”充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式；另一方(fang)面也讓手機能(neng)識別(bie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，以決(jue)定放電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式。

　　2、鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式采用“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流”。鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身不(bu)怕過充電(dian)(dian)，當鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充時會(hui)有反向反應，以(yi)防止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過度(du)(du)上升，此反應會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)微微發熱。此外，鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)通常都加有一個熱敏電(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)防止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度(du)(du)充電(dian)(dian)。目前，大部分手機的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是3.6V左(zuo)右(you)，故需(xu)三節(jie)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)。而一般鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)過充至(zhi)約1.4～1.5V左(zuo)右(you)即停(ting)止，三節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為4.4V左(zuo)右(you)。

　　3、由(you)于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)會發(fa)生危險，故對充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設定條件比鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都要苛刻(ke)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)通常附加(jia)一塊控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根(gen)據鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)特(te)性設計(ji)，第一段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是以(yi)“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”方式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，等到快充(chong)(chong)飽時再以(yi)“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)”(約(yue)4.1～4.2V之間(jian))充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方式(shi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達到最佳狀態。市面上(shang)有些座(zuo)充(chong)(chong)偷工(gong)減料(liao)，把手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一律識(shi)別(bie)成鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而以(yi)“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”方式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，往往容易導致鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。品質佳的(de)(de)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板此時會將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)護，以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。若遇(yu)到設計(ji)不良的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板，不僅無法保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，還可能因過度充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)變形(xing)、漏液、暴(bao)****炸等等。

　　4、座充大(da)多采用快速充電，一般在3～4個(ge)小時(shi)即已充滿。當座充顯示充電完畢(bi)時(shi)，即使不將電池從座充取下(xia)，也只(zhi)剩下(xia)極微(wei)弱的(de)電量(liang)進入電池。

　　5、鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)記憶效應并不大，不需常常放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)則基本不需放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。市面上(shang)銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其所附的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)質(zhi)量不一(yi)。質(zhi)量差的(de)(de)會(hui)有過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現象，易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部負極(ji)板的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)是氫(qing)氧化鉀堿性溶液)，進而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命及平時可(ke)使用(yong)的(de)(de)容(rong)量。在這種情(qing)(qing)況下，每次都先放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)壞得(de)更快。正常情(qing)(qing)況下，只(zhi)要把一(yi)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)到自動(dong)關機后再去充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)好的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處理方(fang)法(fa)。

性能(neng)特(te)點

　　在使用過程中我們也(ye)可以檢(jian)驗充(chong)電器的(de)性能。在充(chong)電的(de)后期電池有(you)略微的(de)溫升

是正常現象，但(dan)如果電池(chi)明顯發燙，則說明充(chong)(chong)電器未能及(ji)時檢測到電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電已飽和，造成過充(chong)(chong)，這對電池(chi)的壽命不(bu)利。

　　很多(duo)充(chong)電(dian)器雖然沒有過充(chong)現象(xiang)，但(dan)存在充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足的問題(ti)，直(zhi)接表現為電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)時(shi)間短(duan)，即手機(ji)(ji)待機(ji)(ji)通話時(shi)間短(duan)。在使(shi)用原(yuan)裝隨(sui)機(ji)(ji)新電(dian)池(chi)的用戶(hu)，可以比較說(shuo)明書上提供的大(da)致參(can)照時(shi)間，加以對(dui)比，如(ru)果參(can)考數(shu)值與實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用明顯存在差(cha)距(ju)，則有理(li)由懷疑充(chong)電(dian)器的問題(ti)，當然也不(bu)排除電(dian)池(chi)質量(liang)、手機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用環(huan)境等其他因素(su)。

充電方(fang)式

　　充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的方(fang)式最為關鍵，對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)要專(zhuan)門(men)支持(chi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，

一般在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)包裝上有標注(zhu)。很多(duo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)兼容兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式，選購(gou)時要注(zhu)意是自動(dong)識別還是手(shou)動(dong)靠(kao)開關(guan)設定，如(ru)果是人(ren)工設定，則(ze)必須根(gen)據所(suo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)正確設定。對于鎳鎘(ge)/鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，優秀的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)采用帶下拉負(fu)脈充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，可以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中減小極化效應。而普通廉(lian)價充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)則(ze)使(shi)用恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)波(bo)形要靠(kao)示波(bo)器(qi)才能準確觀察。

選購方法

　　選購兼容手(shou)機充電器也要講究(jiu)品(pin)牌，應該是正規廠家生產(chan)的商品(pin)。因(yin)為(wei)上面雖

然介紹一(yi)些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)原理，但(dan)實際識別卻非(fei)常困難。即便是專業(ye)人(ren)士(shi)，在不打開充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器、不使用(yong)測試儀(yi)器的(de)(de)情況下，也很難從充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器外表準確(que)判斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)性能(neng)與質量。一(yi)些著名品(pin)牌的(de)(de)產品(pin)雖(sui)然價格會略高(gao)一(yi)些，但(dan)從線(xian)路(lu)設計到元(yuan)件(jian)選用(yong)都比(bi)(bi)較正規科學，所以充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果也比(bi)(bi)較理想(xiang)對(dui)于非(fei)原裝的(de)(de)座充(chong)(chong)還要看(kan)(kan)模具的(de)(de)精細程度(du)，手機插(cha)拔(ba)能(neng)否一(yi)次到位，而且阻力(li)均勻(yun)、松(song)緊適度(du)。對(dui)于部分直接對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)座充(chong)(chong)，同前面提到的(de)(de)旅充(chong)(chong)一(yi)樣，看(kan)(kan)它線(xian)路(lu)設計合理程度(du)。

統一接口標準(zhun)

　　2009年2月18日 GSM協會聯合(he)17家(jia)移(yi)動運(yun)營商(shang)(shang)和制造商(shang)(shang)宣(xuan)布，將在全球(qiu)建立統一的手機(ji)

充(chong)電(dian)器連接(jie)標準，計劃自2012年1月1日起，所有上(shang)市的手機產品中絕(jue)大(da)部分都(dou)將支持統一(yi)連接(jie)標準的手機充(chong)電(dian)器。

　　手機端接口也實現統一

　　上述標準計劃采用Micro-USB為通用充電接口，并節約50%充電時的能耗。與中國已經實施的統一接口標準不同的是，該標準將手機連接充電器的接口也實現統一。而中國目前正在的實施的標準實質是“在變壓器加裝了USB接口”，手機充電器改為由一根(gen)USB數據線和一個帶有USB接口的(de)充(chong)電器(qi)座，手機一端的(de)接口并沒有要求統(tong)一。這意味著GSM協會公布的(de)統(tong)一充(chong)電器(qi)接口標準的(de)變革更加(jia)徹底。

　　這次諾基(ji)亞、三星、摩托羅拉、索尼(ni)愛立(li)信(xin)(xin)及LG均表現出了積(ji)極的態度。他們與和黃3Group、美(mei)國電(dian)(dian)報電(dian)(dian)話公司、韓國電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)、法(fa)國電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)、高(gao)通(tong)、意大(da)利電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)、西(xi)班牙電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)、澳(ao)大(da)利亞電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)、德國電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)和沃(wo)達豐等電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)巨頭 一起參(can)與了此計劃(hua)。

 

　　建(jian)立(li)統一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)消除高達5.1萬噸的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)復制品(pin)，消費(fei)者可(ke)用(yong)同一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)為(wei)不同品(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，可(ke)減輕(qing)消費(fei)者負(fu)擔(dan)。與(yu)此同時(shi)，由于每(mei)(mei)年(nian)制造出的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)減少(shao)50%能(neng)(neng)耗，預計每(mei)(mei)年(nian)在制造和運輸充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)替代品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)將能(neng)(neng)減少(shao)1360萬到2180萬噸的(de)(de)(de)溫室氣體。

　　現階段只有蘋(pin)果公司要(yao)求(qiu)充電(dian)(dian)器輸出電(dian)(dian)流達(da)到(dao)1000mA，剩下廠(chang)家都(dou)僅(jin)僅(jin)適(shi)應了USB供電(dian)(dian)能力(li)（約500mA）。因為(wei)500mA的(de)電(dian)(dian)流達(da)不到(dao)玩手機(ji)(ji)時手機(ji)(ji)消耗(hao)功(gong)率，所以使用(yong)蘋(pin)果手機(ji)(ji)不需要(yao)擔心一邊(bian)充電(dian)(dian)一邊(bian)玩游戲時會對電(dian)(dian)池的(de)損壞。

保養

　　1、清洗時放(fang)靜電(dian)(dian)。定期清潔充電(dian)(dian)器和充電(dian)(dian)接口。清理時，要用(yong)一塊濕布(bu)，或者一件抗靜電(dian)(dian)布(bu)。切勿(wu)使用(yong)干燥布(bu)（靜電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)荷）！

　　2、防水(shui)防潮。作(zuo)為電(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品，不(bu)小心進(jin)水(shui)或者(zhe)長時間不(bu)用時暴露(lu)在潮濕的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)中，都會對其(qi)內部的(de)電(dian)子(zi)元件造成不(bu)同程度(du)的(de)腐蝕(shi)或氧化。

　　3、防(fang)摔防(fang)震。手機充電器(qi)其實是一個(ge)脆(cui)弱(ruo)的部件(jian)，內(nei)部元器(qi)件(jian)經不起摔打。尤其要防(fang)止在使用過程中不小心落地。不要扔放、敲(qiao)打或震動充電器(qi)。粗暴地對待充電器(qi)會毀壞內(nei)部電路板

　　4、防冷(leng)防熱(re)。不(bu)要(yao)將充(chong)電(dian)器放在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)過高(gao)的(de)(de)地(di)方。高(gao)溫(wen)會(hui)縮短電(dian)子器件的(de)(de)壽命，毀壞充(chong)電(dian)器，使(shi)有些塑料(liao)部件變形或熔化。也不(bu)要(yao)將充(chong)電(dian)器存(cun)放在(zai)過冷(leng)的(de)(de)地(di)方。當充(chong)電(dian)器在(zai)過冷(leng)的(de)(de)環境(jing)工作(zuo)時，內(nei)部溫(wen)度(du)升高(gao)時，充(chong)電(dian)器內(nei)會(hui)形成潮氣，毀壞電(dian)路板(ban)。

　　5 、防烈性(xing)化學制品(pin)。不要用烈性(xing)化學制品(pin)、清(qing)洗劑或(huo)強洗滌劑清(qing)洗充電(dian)器。清(qing)除充電(dian)器外(wai)觀(guan)污漬可用棉花(hua)沾(zhan)少量無水(shui)酒精(jing)擦洗。