手機充電器大致可以分為旅行充電器、座式充電器和維護型(xing)(xing)(xing)充電(dian)器，一般用戶接(jie)觸的主要是前面兩種。而市場上賣得最多的是旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)器，旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)器的形式也有多種多樣，常(chang)見的有價格便宜的鴨蛋型(xing)(xing)(xing)的微型(xing)(xing)(xing)旅(lv)充，普通臺式卡板型(xing)(xing)(xing)充電(dian)器，帶液晶顯示的高檔臺式充電(dian)器。

所有(you)手機充電(dian)器(qi)其(qi)實都是由一(yi)個穩(wen)定電(dian)源（主要是穩(wen)壓電(dian)源、提供穩(wen)定工作電(dian)壓和足(zu)夠的電(dian)流）加上必要的恒流、限壓、限時等控制電(dian)路構(gou)成。

原裝充電(dian)器（指線(xian)充）上所(suo)標注的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)參數(shu)：比如輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)4.4V/1A、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)5.9V/400mA……就(jiu)是指內部(bu)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關參數(shu)。明(ming)白了這(zhe)個道理，你很會知道一(yi)(yi)個（品質好的(de)(de)(de)(de)）手機充電(dian)器很容(rong)易改成一(yi)(yi)個質量優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)源！ 比如輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)4.4V可以(yi)給(gei)4.5V的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)用，5.9V的(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)給(gei)6V的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)用……

　　手機常用鋰離(li)子（lion）電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器采用的(de)是(shi)恒流限壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)制，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流一(yi)般采用C2左右----即采用兩(liang)小時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)率，比如500mah電(dian)(dian)池采用250ma充(chong)電(dian)(dian)大約兩(liang)小時達到4。2V后(hou)再恒壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　lion電池并不適合采用NIMH電池高級快速充電器所用的-DV/DT檢測快速充電方式，因為lion電池對充電電流有嚴格的限制.鋰離子（Li+）非常活潑，大電流充電很容易產生危險。^[1]

種類

　　手機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)大(da)致可以分為旅行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)、座式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)、USB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)維護型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一般用(yong)戶接觸的

 

　　主(zhu)要是(shi)前面(mian)兩種。而市(shi)場上賣得最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)旅行充電(dian)器，旅行充電(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)也有多種多樣，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有價格便宜的(de)(de)(de)鴨(ya)蛋型的(de)(de)(de)微型旅充，普通臺(tai)式(shi)卡板(ban)型充電(dian)器，帶(dai)液(ye)晶顯示的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)檔臺(tai)式(shi)充電(dian)器。鑒于手機用戶(hu)絕大部分都(dou)是(shi)非專業用戶(hu)，所以充電(dian)器基本都(dou)具有充滿自停的(de)(de)(de)功能，而且大部分旅充都(dou)屬于快速(su)充電(dian)器，充電(dian)

時間在1-3小(xiao)(xiao)時左(zuo)右。市場上很多充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器都(dou)標(biao)榜自己采(cai)用微電(dian)腦(nao)控制，包括一(yi)些價格非常便宜的鴨蛋型微型旅充(chong)(chong)，其(qi)實嚴格從充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路上分析(xi)，很小(xiao)(xiao)部分充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器才能被真正意義上被成為微電(dian)腦(nao)控制（單片機控制）。

　　一些(xie)廠(chang)家在充電線路上使用(yong)了集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)就自詡為(wei)“微(wei)電腦控制”，其實很多(duo)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)設計所選用(yong)的(de)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)都是(shi)廉(lian)(lian)價的(de)運放集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)，而一些(xie)專用(yong)的(de)充電控制集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)單價較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，一般用(yong)于(yu)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)檔(dang)或名牌的(de)充電器中。所以(yi)我們不(bu)(bu)能輕信所謂微(wei)電腦控制，尤其是(shi)廉(lian)(lian)價型產品。很多(duo)產品外觀(guan)類似(si)但內部線路卻大(da)不(bu)(bu)一樣，其性(xing)能也大(da)不(bu)(bu)同。

功能(neng)

　　1、質量(liang)好的(de)(de)座充(chong)能夠(gou)識(shi)別(bie)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，進(jin)而決(jue)定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路板上有(you)一(yi)塊集成電(dian)(dian)路儲(chu)存著鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)特性資(zi)料(liao)，它一(yi)方面讓座充(chong)能夠(gou)識(shi)別(bie)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以決(jue)定(ding)“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流”及“定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓”充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式；另(ling)一(yi)方面也讓手機能識(shi)別(bie)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以決(jue)定(ding)放電(dian)(dian)方式。

　　2、鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式采用“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流”。鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身不(bu)怕(pa)過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充時會(hui)(hui)有(you)反(fan)向反(fan)應(ying)，以(yi)防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過度(du)上升，此(ci)反(fan)應(ying)會(hui)(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)微微發熱。此(ci)外，鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通(tong)常(chang)都加有(you)一個(ge)熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過度(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。目前，大部分(fen)手機的工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是3.6V左(zuo)右(you)，故需(xu)三節鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)。而一般鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)過充至約1.4～1.5V左(zuo)右(you)即(ji)停止(zhi)，三節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為4.4V左(zuo)右(you)。

　　3、由于鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)會(hui)發生危險(xian)，故對充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的設(she)定條件比鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都要苛刻。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部通常附(fu)加一(yi)塊控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)以防止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根(gen)據鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的特性(xing)設(she)計，第一(yi)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是以“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”方(fang)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，等(deng)到(dao)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)飽時(shi)再以“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”(約(yue)4.1～4.2V之(zhi)間)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方(fang)式使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)達到(dao)最佳狀態(tai)。市面上有些座充(chong)(chong)偷(tou)工減(jian)料，把手(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)律識別成鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，而以“定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”方(fang)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，往(wang)往(wang)容易(yi)導致鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)度(du)(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。品(pin)質佳的保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)此時(shi)會(hui)將(jiang)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)護(hu)，以防止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。若(ruo)遇到(dao)設(she)計不(bu)良的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)，不(bu)僅無法保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)度(du)(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，還可(ke)能因過(guo)度(du)(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)變形、漏(lou)液、暴****炸等(deng)等(deng)。

　　4、座充(chong)(chong)大(da)多采用快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，一般在(zai)3～4個小時(shi)即(ji)已充(chong)(chong)滿。當座充(chong)(chong)顯(xian)示充(chong)(chong)電(dian)完畢時(shi)，即(ji)使不將電(dian)池從座充(chong)(chong)取下，也只剩下極微(wei)弱的電(dian)量進入電(dian)池。

　　5、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)應并不(bu)(bu)大，不(bu)(bu)需(xu)常常放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)則(ze)基本不(bu)(bu)需(xu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。市面上銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器，其所附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)裝置質(zhi)(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)一。質(zhi)(zhi)量差的(de)(de)(de)會有過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)現象，易造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部負極板的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)是氫氧(yang)化鉀(jia)堿性溶(rong)液)，進而減(jian)少(shao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽命及平時可使用的(de)(de)(de)容量。在(zai)這(zhe)種情況下，每次都(dou)先放(fang)電(dian)(dian)再充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)話，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會壞(huai)得更快(kuai)。正(zheng)常情況下，只(zhi)要(yao)把一節電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)用到(dao)自動關機后再去充電(dian)(dian)，就是對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最好的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)處理方(fang)法。

性能特點

　　在使用過(guo)程中我們也可以檢驗充電(dian)器的性能。在充電(dian)的后期電(dian)池(chi)有略微的溫升

是正常現象，但(dan)如果電(dian)池明(ming)顯發燙(tang)，則說(shuo)明(ming)充(chong)電(dian)器未能及時檢測到電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)已飽和，造成(cheng)過(guo)充(chong)，這對電(dian)池的壽命不(bu)利。

　　很多充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器雖然(ran)沒有(you)過充(chong)現象，但存(cun)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不足的(de)(de)問題，直接表現為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時間短(duan)，即手機(ji)待(dai)機(ji)通話時間短(duan)。在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用原裝隨機(ji)新電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)用戶(hu)，可以比較說明書上(shang)提供的(de)(de)大致參(can)照時間，加以對比，如果參(can)考(kao)數值(zhi)與(yu)實際使(shi)用明顯存(cun)在(zai)(zai)差距，則(ze)有(you)理由(you)懷(huai)疑充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)問題，當(dang)然(ran)也不排除電(dian)(dian)池質量、手機(ji)使(shi)用環境等其他因素。

充電方式(shi)

　　充(chong)電的方(fang)式最為關鍵，對鋰電池充(chong)電需要專門支持(chi)鋰電池充(chong)電模式的充(chong)電器，

一般(ban)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)上有標注(zhu)。很(hen)多(duo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)兼(jian)容兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式，選購時要(yao)注(zhu)意是自動識別還是手(shou)動靠(kao)開關設(she)定(ding)，如果是人工設(she)定(ding)，則必須(xu)根(gen)據(ju)所充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)正確設(she)定(ding)。對(dui)于鎳鎘/鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)帶下(xia)拉負脈充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，可(ke)以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中減小極化效應。而普通廉價充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)則使用(yong)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波形要(yao)靠(kao)示波器(qi)(qi)才能準確觀(guan)察。

選購方法

　　選(xuan)購兼(jian)容手機充(chong)電器(qi)也(ye)要講究品(pin)牌，應該是正規廠家生產的商品(pin)。因為上(shang)面雖

然介紹一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)原理(li)(li)，但實際識別卻非常困難(nan)。即便(bian)是專(zhuan)業人士，在不打開充電(dian)(dian)器、不使用測試儀器的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，也(ye)很難(nan)從充電(dian)(dian)器外表準(zhun)確判斷充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)性能與質量。一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)著名品牌的(de)產品雖然價(jia)格會略(lve)高一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)，但從線(xian)路設計到元(yuan)件(jian)選用都比(bi)較(jiao)正規(gui)科學，所(suo)以(yi)充電(dian)(dian)效果也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)理(li)(li)想(xiang)對于非原裝的(de)座充還要看模具的(de)精細程度，手機插拔能否一(yi)(yi)(yi)次到位，而且阻力均勻、松緊適度。對于部分直接對電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)的(de)座充，同前(qian)面提(ti)到的(de)旅充一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，看它線(xian)路設計合理(li)(li)程度。

統一接(jie)口標準

　　2009年2月18日 GSM協會聯(lian)合17家移動運(yun)營商(shang)和制造商(shang)宣布，將(jiang)在全(quan)球建立統一的(de)手機

充(chong)電(dian)器連接標(biao)準，計劃自(zi)2012年(nian)1月1日起(qi)，所有上市的手機產(chan)品(pin)中絕大部分都(dou)將支(zhi)持統(tong)一連接標(biao)準的手機充(chong)電(dian)器。

　　手機端接口也實現統一

　　上述標準計劃采用Micro-USB為通用充電接口，并節約50%充電時的能耗。與中國已經實施的統一接口標準不同的是，該標準將手機連接充電器的接口也實現統一。而中國目前正在的實施的標準實質是“在變壓器加裝了USB接口”，手機充電器改為由一根USB數據(ju)線和(he)一個帶有(you)USB接(jie)口(kou)的(de)充(chong)電器座，手機一端的(de)接(jie)口(kou)并沒有(you)要求統(tong)一。這意(yi)味著(zhu)GSM協會公布的(de)統(tong)一充(chong)電器接(jie)口(kou)標準的(de)變革更加徹(che)底(di)。

　　這次諾基亞(ya)、三星、摩托羅拉(la)、索尼愛立信(xin)(xin)(xin)及LG均表現出(chu)了積極(ji)的態度。他們與和黃(huang)3Group、美國(guo)(guo)電(dian)報電(dian)話公司、韓國(guo)(guo)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、法(fa)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、高通(tong)、意大(da)(da)利電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、西班牙電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、澳大(da)(da)利亞(ya)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、德國(guo)(guo)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)和沃達豐等電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)巨頭 一起參(can)與了此計劃。

 

　　建(jian)立統一標準(zhun)有可能消除(chu)高達(da)5.1萬噸(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)充(chong)電器復制(zhi)品(pin)，消費(fei)者可用同(tong)一個充(chong)電器為不同(tong)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)手機充(chong)電，可減輕消費(fei)者負(fu)擔。與此同(tong)時(shi)，由于每(mei)年制(zhi)造出的(de)(de)充(chong)電器有可能減少50%能耗，預計每(mei)年在制(zhi)造和(he)運輸(shu)充(chong)電器替代(dai)品(pin)的(de)(de)過程中將能減少1360萬到2180萬噸(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)溫室氣體(ti)。

　　現階段(duan)只有蘋果公司要(yao)求充電(dian)(dian)器輸出電(dian)(dian)流達到1000mA，剩(sheng)下廠家都僅(jin)僅(jin)適應了USB供電(dian)(dian)能力（約(yue)500mA）。因(yin)為500mA的(de)電(dian)(dian)流達不(bu)到玩手機(ji)時手機(ji)消耗(hao)功(gong)率，所(suo)以使用蘋果手機(ji)不(bu)需要(yao)擔(dan)心一邊充電(dian)(dian)一邊玩游戲時會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)池的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。

保養

　　1、清洗(xi)時放(fang)靜電(dian)(dian)。定期清潔充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和充電(dian)(dian)接口。清理時，要用一塊濕布，或者一件抗靜電(dian)(dian)布。切勿使用干燥布（靜電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)荷）！

　　2、防水(shui)防潮(chao)。作(zuo)為電子產品(pin)，不(bu)小(xiao)心進水(shui)或者長時間不(bu)用時暴露在潮(chao)濕的(de)空氣中，都會對其內部(bu)的(de)電子元件造成(cheng)不(bu)同程度的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)或氧化。

　　3、防(fang)摔防(fang)震。手機充電器其實是(shi)一個脆弱的部(bu)件，內(nei)部(bu)元器件經不起摔打。尤其要(yao)防(fang)止在使用過程中不小心落地。不要(yao)扔放(fang)、敲打或震動充電器。粗(cu)暴地對待充電器會毀(hui)壞內(nei)部(bu)電路板

　　4、防冷(leng)防熱。不要(yao)將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)放在溫度過(guo)高的(de)(de)地方(fang)。高溫會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)壽命，毀(hui)(hui)壞(huai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，使(shi)有些塑料部件(jian)變形(xing)或熔化(hua)。也(ye)不要(yao)將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)存放在過(guo)冷(leng)的(de)(de)地方(fang)。當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在過(guo)冷(leng)的(de)(de)環境工作(zuo)時(shi)，內部溫度升高時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)內會(hui)形(xing)成潮氣(qi)，毀(hui)(hui)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板。

　　5 、防烈性化學(xue)制品。不要用烈性化學(xue)制品、清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑或強洗(xi)(xi)滌劑清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)充(chong)電(dian)器。清(qing)(qing)(qing)除充(chong)電(dian)器外觀污(wu)漬可用棉花(hua)沾少量(liang)無水酒精擦洗(xi)(xi)。