手機充電器大致可以分為旅行充電器、座式充電器和維護型(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，一般用戶接(jie)觸的(de)主(zhu)要是前面兩種。而市場上賣得最多(duo)的(de)是旅行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，旅行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)形式(shi)也(ye)有(you)多(duo)種多(duo)樣，常(chang)見的(de)有(you)價格便宜的(de)鴨蛋型(xing)(xing)的(de)微型(xing)(xing)旅充(chong)(chong)(chong)，普通臺式(shi)卡板型(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，帶液晶顯示的(de)高檔(dang)臺式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。

所有手機充(chong)電(dian)器其實都是(shi)由一個(ge)穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)源（主(zhu)要是(shi)穩(wen)壓電(dian)源、提供穩(wen)定(ding)工作電(dian)壓和足夠的電(dian)流(liu)）加上必(bi)要的恒流(liu)、限(xian)壓、限(xian)時等控制電(dian)路(lu)構(gou)成。

原裝充(chong)(chong)電器（指(zhi)線充(chong)(chong)）上所標(biao)注的輸出參數：比如輸出4.4V/1A、輸出5.9V/400mA……就是(shi)指(zhi)內部穩壓(ya)電源的相關參數。明白了(le)這個道理，你很會知道一個（品質(zhi)好的）手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)電器很容易改成一個質(zhi)量(liang)優良的穩壓(ya)電源！ 比如輸出4.4V可以(yi)給(gei)4.5V的設(she)備用，5.9V的可以(yi)給(gei)6V的設(she)備用……

　　手機常用(yong)鋰離(li)子（lion）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器采(cai)用(yong)的是恒流(liu)限壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)制(zhi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一般采(cai)用(yong)C2左右----即采(cai)用(yong)兩小時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)率，比如500mah電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采(cai)用(yong)250ma充電(dian)(dian)(dian)大約兩小時達到4。2V后再恒壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　lion電池并不適合采用NIMH電池高級快速充電器所用的-DV/DT檢測快速充電方式，因為lion電池對充電電流有嚴格的限制.鋰離子（Li+）非常活潑，大電流充電很容易產生危險。^[1]

種類

　　手機充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)大(da)致(zhi)可(ke)以分為旅行充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)、座式充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)、USB充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)和維護(hu)型(xing)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)，一般用戶接觸的(de)

 

　　主要(yao)是前面(mian)兩種(zhong)。而(er)市場上賣得最多(duo)的(de)(de)是旅(lv)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，旅(lv)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)也有多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，常見的(de)(de)有價格(ge)便宜(yi)的(de)(de)鴨(ya)蛋型(xing)的(de)(de)微型(xing)旅(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，普通(tong)臺式(shi)(shi)卡板型(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，帶(dai)液晶顯示的(de)(de)高(gao)檔臺式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。鑒于手機用(yong)戶絕大部分都是非專業用(yong)戶，所以充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)基本都具有充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿自停的(de)(de)功能(neng)，而(er)且(qie)大部分旅(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)都屬于快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)

時間在1-3小時左右。市場上很多充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器都標(biao)榜自己采用微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)(kong)制，包括一些價(jia)格非(fei)常便(bian)宜(yi)的鴨蛋型(xing)微型(xing)旅充(chong)(chong)，其實嚴格從充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上分析，很小部分充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器才能被真(zhen)正(zheng)意義上被成(cheng)為(wei)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)(kong)制（單片機控(kong)(kong)制）。

　　一(yi)些廠(chang)家(jia)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路上使用了集成(cheng)(cheng)塊就自詡為“微電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)制(zhi)”，其實(shi)很多低成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)設(she)計所選用的(de)集成(cheng)(cheng)塊都是廉價的(de)運放集成(cheng)(cheng)塊，而一(yi)些專用的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)集成(cheng)(cheng)塊單價較高，一(yi)般用于比較高檔或名牌的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器中。所以(yi)我們不(bu)能輕信所謂微電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)控(kong)制(zhi)，尤其是廉價型產(chan)品(pin)。很多產(chan)品(pin)外觀類似但內部線(xian)路卻(que)大不(bu)一(yi)樣，其性(xing)能也(ye)大不(bu)同。

功能

　　1、質量好的(de)座充能(neng)夠識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池與(yu)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，進而決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板上有(you)一塊集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)儲存著鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)特性(xing)資(zi)料，它一方(fang)面讓座充能(neng)夠識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，以決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”及“定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)；另一方(fang)面也讓手機(ji)能(neng)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，以決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。

　　2、鎳氫(qing)電池的充(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式采用“定電流(liu)”。鎳氫(qing)電池本身(shen)不怕過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電，當鎳氫(qing)電池過(guo)充(chong)(chong)時會有(you)反(fan)向反(fan)應，以防止(zhi)電壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)度上升，此(ci)反(fan)應會使電池微微發熱。此(ci)外，鎳氫(qing)電池通常(chang)都加有(you)一(yi)個熱敏電阻，以防止(zhi)電池過(guo)度充(chong)(chong)電。目前，大部分手(shou)機(ji)的工(gong)作電壓(ya)(ya)是3.6V左右(you)，故需(xu)三(san)(san)節(jie)鎳氫(qing)電池芯。而(er)一(yi)般(ban)鎳氫(qing)電池芯過(guo)充(chong)(chong)至約1.4～1.5V左右(you)即停止(zhi)，三(san)(san)節(jie)電池最高電壓(ya)(ya)為4.4V左右(you)。

　　3、由(you)于鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)會(hui)發(fa)生危險，故對充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)條件(jian)比鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都要苛刻。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)通常附加一塊控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)以(yi)防(fang)止過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根(gen)據鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)特性設(she)計，第一段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是以(yi)“定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”方(fang)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，等到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽時(shi)再以(yi)“定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”(約4.1～4.2V之間)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)式使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達(da)到最佳狀態。市面上有些座充(chong)(chong)(chong)偷工減料(liao)，把(ba)手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一律(lv)識別成鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而(er)以(yi)“定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”方(fang)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，往往容(rong)易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。品質佳的(de)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)此時(shi)會(hui)將鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護(hu)，以(yi)防(fang)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。若(ruo)遇(yu)到設(she)計不(bu)良(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)，不(bu)僅無(wu)法保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，還可能(neng)因(yin)過度充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)變形(xing)、漏液、暴****炸等等。

　　4、座(zuo)充大多(duo)采用快速(su)充電，一般(ban)在3～4個小(xiao)時即已充滿。當座(zuo)充顯示充電完畢時，即使不將電池(chi)從(cong)座(zuo)充取(qu)下，也只(zhi)剩下極(ji)微弱的電量進入電池(chi)。

　　5、鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)記憶效應并不大，不需常常放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)則基本不需放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。市(shi)面上銷售的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其所附的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置質量不一(yi)。質量差(cha)的(de)(de)會(hui)有(you)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現象(xiang)，易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部負極板的(de)(de)腐蝕(鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質是氫(qing)氧化鉀堿性溶液)，進而減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)及平(ping)時可(ke)使用的(de)(de)容量。在這種(zhong)情況下，每次都先放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)壞得更快。正(zheng)常情況下，只要把一(yi)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用到自動關機后再去充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最好的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處(chu)理方法。

性能特(te)點

　　在使(shi)用過程(cheng)中我們(men)也(ye)可以檢驗(yan)充電(dian)器的性能。在充電(dian)的后期電(dian)池有略微的溫升

是正常現(xian)象(xiang)，但如果(guo)電(dian)池(chi)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)發燙，則說明(ming)(ming)充電(dian)器(qi)未能及時檢測到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)已(yi)飽和，造成(cheng)過(guo)充，這對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命不利。

　　很多充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器雖然(ran)沒有(you)過充(chong)現(xian)象，但存在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的問題，直接表現(xian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，即手機(ji)待機(ji)通(tong)話時間短。在使(shi)用原裝隨機(ji)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的用戶(hu)，可(ke)以比較說明(ming)書上提供的大(da)致(zhi)參(can)照時間，加以對比，如(ru)果參(can)考數值(zhi)與實際使(shi)用明(ming)顯存在差距，則(ze)有(you)理(li)由懷(huai)疑充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的問題，當然(ran)也不排除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池質量、手機(ji)使(shi)用環境等(deng)其他因素(su)。

充電(dian)方式(shi)

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)方(fang)式最為關鍵，對鋰電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)需(xu)要專(zhuan)門支持鋰電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，

一般在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)包裝上有標注。很多(duo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)兼容兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式，選購時要注意是(shi)自動識別還是(shi)手(shou)動靠開關設定，如果是(shi)人工設定，則必(bi)須根(gen)據所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)池的(de)類(lei)型正(zheng)確(que)設定。對于鎳(nie)鎘/鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池，優秀的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)采用帶(dai)下拉負脈充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式，可以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中減小(xiao)極化效應。而普通廉價充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)則使用恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)波形要靠示波器(qi)才能準確(que)觀察。

選(xuan)購方法

　　選(xuan)購兼(jian)容手機(ji)充電器也要講究品牌，應(ying)該是正規廠家生產的商(shang)品。因為上面雖(sui)

然介紹一些充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)原(yuan)理，但實際(ji)識別卻非常困(kun)難。即便是(shi)專業人士，在(zai)不打開充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)、不使用(yong)(yong)測(ce)試儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)情況下，也很難從充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)外表準確判(pan)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)性能與質量。一些著名品(pin)牌的(de)產品(pin)雖然價(jia)格(ge)會略高(gao)一些，但從線路(lu)設(she)計到(dao)元件選用(yong)(yong)都比較正(zheng)規(gui)科學，所以(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)效果也比較理想(xiang)對于非原(yuan)裝的(de)座充(chong)(chong)(chong)還(huan)要看(kan)模(mo)具的(de)精細(xi)程度，手(shou)機插拔(ba)能否一次到(dao)位(wei)，而且阻力均(jun)勻、松(song)緊適度。對于部分直接(jie)對電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)座充(chong)(chong)(chong)，同前(qian)面提到(dao)的(de)旅充(chong)(chong)(chong)一樣，看(kan)它線路(lu)設(she)計合(he)理程度。

統一接口標準(zhun)

　　2009年2月18日 GSM協會聯合(he)17家移動運營(ying)商和(he)制造(zao)商宣布(bu)，將(jiang)在(zai)全球建立統一的手機

充電(dian)器連接標準，計劃自2012年1月1日(ri)起，所有上市的手(shou)機產品中(zhong)絕大部分都將(jiang)支持統一(yi)連接標準的手(shou)機充電(dian)器。

　　手機端接口也實現統一

　　上述標準計劃采用Micro-USB為通用充電接口，并節約50%充電時的能耗。與中國已經實施的統一接口標準不同的是，該標準將手機連接充電器的接口也實現統一。而中國目前正在的實施的標準實質是“在變壓器加裝了USB接口”，手機充電器改為由一(yi)根USB數(shu)據線和一(yi)個帶有USB接(jie)(jie)口的充電器座(zuo)，手機一(yi)端的接(jie)(jie)口并(bing)沒有要求(qiu)統(tong)一(yi)。這意味著GSM協(xie)會公布的統(tong)一(yi)充電器接(jie)(jie)口標(biao)準的變(bian)革(ge)更加徹底。

　　這次諾基亞(ya)、三(san)星、摩(mo)托羅拉、索尼愛立信(xin)及LG均表現出了(le)積極的(de)態度。他們與和(he)黃3Group、美(mei)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)報電(dian)(dian)(dian)話公司、韓國電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)、法國電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)、高通、意(yi)大利電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)、西班牙電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)、澳大利亞(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)、德(de)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)和(he)沃(wo)達(da)豐等電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)巨頭 一(yi)起參與了(le)此計劃。

 

　　建立統一標準有可(ke)能消(xiao)除高達5.1萬噸(dun)的(de)(de)充(chong)電器(qi)復制品，消(xiao)費者可(ke)用同一個充(chong)電器(qi)為(wei)不同品牌的(de)(de)手機充(chong)電，可(ke)減(jian)輕(qing)消(xiao)費者負擔。與此同時，由于每(mei)年制造出的(de)(de)充(chong)電器(qi)有可(ke)能減(jian)少50%能耗，預計(ji)每(mei)年在制造和運輸充(chong)電器(qi)替代品的(de)(de)過程中將能減(jian)少1360萬到(dao)2180萬噸(dun)的(de)(de)溫(wen)室氣體。

　　現階(jie)段只有蘋果(guo)公司要(yao)(yao)求充電器輸出電流達到(dao)1000mA，剩下廠家都僅僅適應(ying)了USB供電能力（約500mA）。因為500mA的電流達不(bu)到(dao)玩(wan)手(shou)機時(shi)手(shou)機消耗(hao)功率(lv)，所以使用蘋果(guo)手(shou)機不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)擔心一邊充電一邊玩(wan)游戲時(shi)會對電池的損(sun)壞。

保(bao)養

　　1、清洗(xi)時放靜電(dian)。定期清潔充電(dian)器和充電(dian)接口。清理時，要(yao)用一(yi)塊濕布，或者一(yi)件抗靜電(dian)布。切勿使用干燥(zao)布（靜電(dian)電(dian)荷）！

　　2、防水(shui)防潮。作為電(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品，不小心進水(shui)或(huo)者長時間(jian)不用時暴(bao)露在潮濕的空氣中(zhong)，都會對其內部(bu)的電(dian)子(zi)元件造成不同程度的腐(fu)蝕或(huo)氧化。

　　3、防摔防震。手機充(chong)電器其(qi)實是(shi)一(yi)個脆弱的部(bu)(bu)件，內(nei)部(bu)(bu)元器件經不起摔打(da)。尤其(qi)要防止(zhi)在使用(yong)過程中不小心落(luo)地(di)。不要扔(reng)放、敲(qiao)打(da)或震動充(chong)電器。粗暴地(di)對待充(chong)電器會(hui)毀(hui)壞內(nei)部(bu)(bu)電路板

　　4、防冷(leng)防熱。不要(yao)將充(chong)電器放(fang)在溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高(gao)的地方。高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)會縮(suo)短(duan)電子(zi)器件的壽(shou)命(ming)，毀壞充(chong)電器，使有些(xie)塑料部件變形(xing)(xing)或熔化。也不要(yao)將充(chong)電器存放(fang)在過冷(leng)的地方。當充(chong)電器在過冷(leng)的環境工作時，內部溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高(gao)時，充(chong)電器內會形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)潮氣，毀壞電路板。

　　5 、防烈性化學(xue)制品(pin)。不要用烈性化學(xue)制品(pin)、清洗(xi)劑或強洗(xi)滌劑清洗(xi)充電器。清除充電器外觀污漬(zi)可用棉花沾少量無(wu)水酒精(jing)擦(ca)洗(xi)。