電(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)過程通常(chang)可分為預(yu)充電(dian)(dian)、快速充電(dian)(dian)、補(bu)足充電(dian)(dian)、涓流充電(dian)(dian)四個階(jie)段。 

對長期不用的(de)或新(xin)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，一(yi)開始就采(cai)用快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，會影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池的(de)壽命。因此(ci)，這種電(dian)池應先用小電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，使其滿足一(yi)定的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)條件(jian)，這個階段(duan)稱為預充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。 

快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是用大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，迅速恢(hui)復電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率一般在1C以上，快速充時間由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率決定。 

為了避免過充電，一些充電器采用小電流充電。鎳鎘電池正常充電時，可以接受C/10或更低的充電速率，這樣充電時間要10h以上。采用小電流充電，電池內不會產生過多的氣體，電池溫度也不會過高。只要電池接到充電器上，低速率恒流充電器就能對電(dian)(dian)池提供很小的(de)涓流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)池采用小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)產生的(de)熱(re)量可以自然(ran)散(san)去(qu)。 

涓(juan)流充電(dian)(dian)器的主要問(wen)題(ti)是充電(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度太慢，例如(ru)，容量為1Ah的電(dian)(dian)池，采(cai)用(yong)C/10充電(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率(lv)時，充電(dian)(dian)時間要10h以上。此(ci)外，電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)低充電(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率(lv)反復充電(dian)(dian)時，還會(hui)產生枝晶。大部(bu)分涓(juan)流充電(dian)(dian)器中，都(dou)沒有(you)任(ren)何電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或溫(wen)度反饋控制(zhi)，因而不能(neng)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池充足電(dian)(dian)后，立即關(guan)斷充電(dian)(dian)器。 

快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種，恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是以恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則(ze)是首先用脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。然后讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如此循環。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖的幅(fu)值很(hen)大、寬度(du)很(hen)窄。通常放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖的幅(fu)值為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖的3倍(bei)左右。雖然放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖的幅(fu)值與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量有關，但是，與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)值的比值保持不變，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形。 

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳還(huan)原為(wei)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)亞鎳，氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)還(huan)原為(wei)鎘(ge)。在這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)產生的(de)(de)氣(qi)泡，聚集在極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩邊，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)會減小極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)面積，使極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)內阻增(zeng)大。由于極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)面積變小，充入(ru)全部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)所需的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)增(zeng)加(jia)。 加(jia)入(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖后，氣(qi)泡離(li)開(kai)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)并(bing)與負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上的(de)(de)氧(yang)復合。這(zhe)個(ge)去極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)減小了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)壓力、溫度(du)和內阻。同時(shi)(shi)，充入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)大部(bu)(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷都轉(zhuan)換為(wei)化(hua)(hua)學能(neng)，而(er)不會轉(zhuan)變為(wei)氣(qi)體和熱量(liang)(liang)。 充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度(du)的(de)(de)選擇應(ying)能(neng)保證極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)恢復原來(lai)的(de)(de)晶體結構，從而(er)消(xiao)除記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)。采用放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)去極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)措施后，可(ke)以提(ti)高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率并(bing)且允(yun)許大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

采用某些快速充電止法時，快速充電終止后，電池并未充足電。為了保證充入100%的電量，還應加入補足充電過程。補足充電速率一般不超過0.3C。在補足充電過程中，溫度會繼續上升，當溫度超過規定的極限時，充電器轉入涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。 存放(fang)時，鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量將按C/30到C/50的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率減小，為了補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)因(yin)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，補足充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)應自動轉入涓(juan)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也稱(cheng)為維護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性，涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率一(yi)般都很低。只(zhi)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上(shang)并且充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在維護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)將以某(mou)一(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這樣可使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)總處于充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

快速充電(dian)終(zhong)止控制方法 

采(cai)用快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為常規充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)十倍(bei)。充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，如果不及(ji)時停止(zhi)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度和內(nei)部壓(ya)(ya)力將(jiang)迅速(su)上(shang)升。內(nei)部壓(ya)(ya)力過(guo)大時，密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)將(jiang)打(da)開放氣孔，從(cong)而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液逸散，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的(de)(de)(de)粘稠性(xing)增大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻增大，容量下降(jiang)。 從(cong)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)可以看出，充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開始下降(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度和內(nei)部壓(ya)(ya)力迅速(su)上(shang)升，為了保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又不過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可以采(cai)用定時控制(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)和溫(wen)度控制(zhi)待多種方法(fa)。 

（1）定時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi) 采(cai)用1.25C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)(lv)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)1h可充(chong)(chong)(chong)足；采(cai)用2.5C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)(lv)時(shi)，30min可充(chong)(chong)(chong)足。因此(ci)，根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，很容易(yi)確定所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。這(zhe)種(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)最簡單，但是(shi)由(you)于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)始充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態不完全(quan)相同，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不足，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)，只有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)(lv)小(xiao)于0.3C時(shi)，才(cai)允許(xu)采(cai)用這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。 

（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)中(zhong)，最(zui)容易檢測的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。常(chang)(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)有(you)： 最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（Vmax） 從充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)曲線可以(yi)看出(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達到最(zui)大(da)值時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達到規定值后，應立(li)即停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)隨環境溫度、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率而變，而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組中(zhong)各單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也有(you)差別(bie)，因此(ci)(ci)采(cai)用這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)不可能非(fei)常(chang)(chang)準確地(di)判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)足(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)（－ΔV） 由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無關，而且不受環境溫度和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率等因素(su)影響，因此(ci)(ci)可以(yi)比較準確地(di)判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫度較高。此(ci)(ci)外鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)要經過(guo)(guo)(guo)較長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，才出(chu)現(xian)(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較嚴重。因此(ci)(ci)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)主(zhu)要適用于鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)零增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)（0ΔV） 鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，為了避免等待出(chu)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)久而損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，通常(chang)(chang)采(cai)用0ΔV控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)前(qian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在某一段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內可能變化(hua)很(hen)小，從而造成過(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)地(di)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為此(ci)(ci)，目前(qian)大(da)多數(shu)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器都采(cai)用高靈敏－0ΔV檢測，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)略有(you)降低(di)時(shi)(shi)，立(li)即停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（3）溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi) 為了避免(mian)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)低(di)時(shi)不能開始(shi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到規定(ding)(ding)數值(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，必須立即停止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)有： 最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（Tmax） 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，通常當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到45℃時(shi)，應(ying)立即停止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)通過(guo)(guo)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)裝在一起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)來檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)。這種方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點是熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)較長，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)有一定(ding)(ding)滯后(hou)，同(tong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最高工作溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有關。當(dang)環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)低(di)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也達(da)不到45℃。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（ΔT） 為了消(xiao)除環(huan)境影響(xiang)，可(ke)采用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)達(da)到規定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，立即停止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了實現(xian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)，必須用(yong)兩(liang)只熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，分(fen)別檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變化率（ΔT/Δt） 鎳氫和(he)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)迅速(su)(su)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，而且上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)速(su)(su)率ΔT/Δt基本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)每(mei)分(fen)鐘上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)1℃時(shi)，應(ying)當(dang)立即終止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)，近年來被(bei)普遍采用(yong)。應(ying)當(dang)說明(ming)，由于熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)與溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)關系是非線性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)此，為了提高檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)應(ying)設法(fa)減(jian)小(xiao)熱(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)非線性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。 最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（Tmin） 當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)于10℃時(shi)，采用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命。在這種情況下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器應(ying)自動轉入(ru)涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到10℃后(hou)，再轉入(ru)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（4）綜合控制 述各種控制方法各有優缺點。為了保證在任何情況下，均能準確可*地控制電池的充電狀態，目前快速充電器中通常(chang)采用包(bao)括定時(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)、電壓(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)和溫(wen)度控制(zhi)(zhi)的綜合控制(zhi)(zhi)法。