電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程通常可分為預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、補(bu)足(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、涓流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四個階段。 

對長期不用(yong)的或新電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)時，一(yi)開(kai)始就采用(yong)快速充電(dian)，會影響電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命。因此，這種電(dian)池(chi)(chi)應先用(yong)小電(dian)流充電(dian)，使其滿足一(yi)定的充電(dian)條(tiao)件，這個階段稱為預(yu)充電(dian)。 

快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)就是用大電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，迅速(su)(su)恢復(fu)電(dian)池電(dian)能。快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)速(su)(su)率一般在1C以上(shang)，快速(su)(su)充(chong)時(shi)間由電(dian)池容量和充(chong)電(dian)速(su)(su)率決定。 

為了避免過充電，一些充電器采用小電流充電。鎳鎘電池正常充電時，可以接受C/10或更低的充電速率，這樣充電時間要10h以上。采用小電流充電，電池內不會產生過多的氣體，電池溫度也不會過高。只要電池接到充電器上，低速率恒流充電器就能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供很小的涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)采用小電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內產生的熱(re)量可以自然散(san)去。 

涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的主要(yao)問題是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)太慢，例如，容量(liang)為1Ah的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，采(cai)用C/10充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間要(yao)10h以上。此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用低充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)反(fan)復充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，還會產(chan)生枝(zhi)晶(jing)。大(da)部分涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，都(dou)沒有任(ren)何電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)溫度(du)反(fan)饋控制，因而不(bu)能保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，立即關斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。 

快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種，恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是(shi)(shi)以(yi)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則是(shi)(shi)首先用脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。然(ran)后讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如此循(xun)環。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)脈沖的幅值(zhi)很大、寬度很窄。通常放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的幅值(zhi)為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的3倍左(zuo)右。雖(sui)然(ran)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的幅值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量有關(guan)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅值(zhi)的比值(zhi)保(bao)持不變，脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波(bo)形(xing)。 

充電過程中，鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電池中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)還原為(wei)(wei)氫氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)亞(ya)鎳(nie)(nie)，氫氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎘還原為(wei)(wei)鎘。在這個(ge)過程中產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)泡，聚集在極板(ban)兩(liang)邊，這樣就會(hui)(hui)減(jian)小(xiao)極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)面積，使(shi)極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻增大。由于極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)面積變小(xiao)，充入(ru)(ru)全部電量所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間增加(jia)。 加(jia)入(ru)(ru)放電脈沖后，氣(qi)泡離開(kai)極板(ban)并(bing)與負極板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)復(fu)合(he)。這個(ge)去極化(hua)過程減(jian)小(xiao)了電池的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部壓力(li)、溫度和(he)內(nei)阻。同時，充入(ru)(ru)電池的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分(fen)電荷都轉換為(wei)(wei)化(hua)學能(neng)，而不會(hui)(hui)轉變為(wei)(wei)氣(qi)體(ti)和(he)熱(re)量。 充放電脈沖寬度的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應能(neng)保證極板(ban)恢復(fu)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶體(ti)結構，從而消除(chu)記憶效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應。采用(yong)放電去極化(hua)措施后，可以提(ti)高(gao)充電效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率并(bing)且允許大電流快速充電。 

采用某些快速充電止法時，快速充電終止后，電池并未充足電。為了保證充入100%的電量，還應加入補足充電過程。補足充電速率一般不超過0.3C。在補足充電過程中，溫度會繼續上升，當溫度超過規定的極限時，充電器轉(zhuan)入涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。 存(cun)放(fang)時，鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量將按(an)C/30到C/50的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)減小，為了(le)補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，補足(zu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)應(ying)自動轉(zhuan)入涓(juan)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)。涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也稱為維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性，涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)一般都很低。只要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上并且充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在(zai)維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)將以某(mou)一充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，這樣(yang)可使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池總處于充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。

快速充(chong)電終(zhong)止控制方法(fa) 

采(cai)用快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流為常規充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的幾十(shi)倍。充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)后，如果不及時停止(zhi)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池的溫(wen)度(du)和(he)內部壓(ya)(ya)力將迅速(su)上升(sheng)。內部壓(ya)(ya)力過大時，密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)池將打(da)開放氣(qi)孔，從而使電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液逸散(san)，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的粘(zhan)稠(chou)性(xing)增大，電(dian)(dian)池的內阻增大，容(rong)量下降(jiang)。 從鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)特性(xing)可以(yi)看出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開始下降(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)池的溫(wen)度(du)和(he)內部壓(ya)(ya)力迅速(su)上升(sheng)，為了(le)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)又(you)不過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，可以(yi)采(cai)用定時控(kong)制(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)待多(duo)種方法(fa)。 

（1）定時控制 采(cai)用1.25C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池1h可(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)；采(cai)用2.5C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)時，30min可(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)。因此，根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，很容(rong)易確定所需的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。這(zhe)種控制方法(fa)最簡(jian)單，但是(shi)由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)起始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態不(bu)完全相(xiang)同，有(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)足(zu)，有(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此，只有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)(lv)小于(yu)0.3C時，才允許采(cai)用這(zhe)種方法(fa)。 

（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)容易檢(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有： 最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（Vmax） 從充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)可以(yi)看出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到最(zui)(zui)大值時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到規定值后(hou)，應立即(ji)停止快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)隨環(huan)境溫度(du)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率而(er)變，而(er)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也有差別，因(yin)此采用(yong)這種(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不可能非常準確地(di)(di)判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)(yi)足(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負增(zeng)量(liang)（－ΔV） 由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負增(zeng)量(liang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無關(guan)，而(er)且(qie)不受環(huan)境溫度(du)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率等因(yin)素影響，因(yin)此可以(yi)比較(jiao)準確地(di)(di)判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出現(xian)(xian)負增(zeng)量(liang)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)(yi)經過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)較(jiao)高。此外(wai)鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)要(yao)經過(guo)較(jiao)長時(shi)間，才出現(xian)(xian)負增(zeng)量(liang)，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較(jiao)嚴重。因(yin)此，這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)適用(yong)于鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)零增(zeng)量(liang)（0ΔV） 鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)了避免等待(dai)出現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負增(zeng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間過(guo)久而(er)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，通常采用(yong)0ΔV控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。這種(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是：充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)前(qian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)某一(yi)段時(shi)間內可能變化很(hen)小，從而(er)造成過(guo)早地(di)(di)停止快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)(wei)此，目前(qian)大多數鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器都采用(yong)高靈敏－0ΔV檢(jian)測，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)略(lve)有降低時(shi)，立即(ji)停止快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（3）溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi) 為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)避免(mian)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)(di)(di)時不能開始快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)規定數值后(hou)，必須立即(ji)停止快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法有(you)： 最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)（Tmax） 充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，通(tong)(tong)常當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)45℃時，應立即(ji)停止快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)可(ke)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)在(zai)一(yi)起的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻來(lai)檢(jian)測。這(zhe)種方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)熱(re)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應時間較長，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)檢(jian)測有(you)一(yi)定滯(zhi)后(hou)，同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最高工作溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)。當(dang)(dang)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)(di)(di)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)也(ye)達不到(dao)(dao)(dao)45℃。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)（ΔT） 為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)消除環(huan)境(jing)影(ying)響(xiang)，可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)法。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)規定值后(hou)，立即(ji)停止快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)實現溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)，必須用(yong)(yong)兩只(zhi)熱(re)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，分別檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變化率（ΔT/Δt） 鎳(nie)氫和鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅速(su)(su)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)，而且上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)速(su)(su)率ΔT/Δt基(ji)本相同，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)每分鐘上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)1℃時，應當(dang)(dang)立即(ji)終(zhong)止快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法，近年來(lai)被普遍采用(yong)(yong)。應當(dang)(dang)說明(ming)，由于熱(re)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)阻值與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)關(guan)系是(shi)非(fei)線(xian)性的(de)(de)(de)，因此，為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)提高檢(jian)測精(jing)度(du)(du)應設法減小(xiao)熱(re)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻非(fei)線(xian)性的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。 最低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)（Tmin） 當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)(di)于10℃時，采用(yong)(yong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽命。在(zai)這(zhe)種情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)應自動轉入涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)10℃后(hou)，再轉入快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（4）綜合控制 述各種控制方法各有優缺點。為了保證在任何情況下，均能準確可*地控制電池的充電狀態，目前快速充電器中通常采用包括定(ding)時控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、電(dian)壓控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)溫度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的綜合(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)。