快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是指能在(zai)1～5h內使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達到或接近完(wan)全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)一種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。常用于牽引用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池需要在(zai)較短(duan)時(shi)間內恢復完(wan)全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時(shi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性能和(he)(he)壽命(ming)有損(sun)(sun)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗時(shi)約10～20h，如何(he)能快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而不損(sun)(sun)害(hai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性能和(he)(he)壽命(ming)，是人們關注的(de)(de)熱門研究課(ke)題。

快速充電電路特點
　　1、輸出電壓設定好后(例如36V)，若被充電瓶極板脫落斷開，造成某組電池不通，或出現短路，則電瓶端電壓即降低或為零，這時充電器將無輸出電流。
　　2、若被充電瓶電壓偏離設定電壓，如設定電壓為36V，誤接24V、12V、6V電瓶等，充電器也無輸出電流，若設定為24V誤接為36V電瓶，由于充電器輸出電壓低于電瓶電壓，因而也不能向電瓶充電。 　　
　　3、充電器兩輸出端若短路時，由于充電器中可控硅SCR的觸發電路不能工作，因而可控硅不導通，輸出電流為零。 　　
　　4、若使用時誤將電瓶正負極接反，則可控硅觸發電路反向截止，無觸發信號，可控硅不導通，輸出電流為零。 　　
　　5、采用脈沖充電，有利于延長電瓶壽命。由于低壓交流電經全波整流后是脈動直流，只有當其波峰電壓大于電瓶電壓時，可控硅才會導通，而當脈動直流電壓處于波谷區時，可控硅反偏截止，停止向電瓶充電，因而流過電瓶的是脈動直流電。 　　
　　6、快速充電，充滿自停。由于剛開始充電時電瓶兩端電壓較低，因而充電電流較大。當電瓶即將充足時(36V電瓶端電壓可達44V)，由于充電電壓越來越接近脈動直流輸出電壓的波峰值，則充電電流也會越來越小，自動變為涓流充電。當電瓶兩端電壓被充到整流輸出的波峰最大值時，充電過程停止。經試驗，三節電動車蓄電池36V(12V／12Ah三節串聯)，用該充電器只需幾個小時即可充滿。 　　
　　7、電路簡單、易于(yu)制(zhi)作，幾乎(hu)不用維護及維修。

　　快速充電電路原理
　　AC220V市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)變壓(ya)器(qi)T1降壓(ya)，經(jing)D1-D4全波整流(liu)(liu)后，供(gong)給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工作。當輸出(chu)(chu)端按正(zheng)確極性接入設定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶后，若整流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)脈動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個半波峰值超過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，則(ze)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)SCR經(jing)Q的(de)(de)(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)觸發(fa)(fa)導(dao)通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。脈動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)關(guan)斷，停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。調節(jie)R4，可(ke)(ke)調節(jie)晶體管(guan)Q的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)R4由大到小調整到Q導(dao)通能觸發(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)(導(dao)通)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)。圖(tu)中發(fa)(fa)光管(guan)D5用作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示(shi)，而(er)D6用作充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)。