通訊微波發射塔UPS后備電源電池設計
對于普通(tong)的(de)(de)民用移動通(tong)訊(xun),如(ru)今手機已經成為最常用的(de)(de)工(gong)具,無(wu)論是傳統的(de)(de)2G或現在興起的(de)(de)3G無(wu)線通(tong)訊(xun),都是通(tong)過信號(hao)發射塔的(de)(de)中轉連接來(lai)(lai)傳遞微波信號(hao),所以(yi)信號(hao)發射塔成為城市,鄉村常見的(de)(de)基礎設施,給人們的(de)(de)生活和工(gong)作帶來(lai)(lai)非常大的(de)(de)方便(bian),人們也越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)離不開它(ta)。
一、移動通訊微波發射塔后備電源電池要求:
信號發射塔主要由以下幾部分構成:發信設備、收信設備、天線饋線系統、電源設備以及保障通信線路正常運行和無人維護所需的監測控制設備。電源設備除(chu)包(bao)含交流直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動信號塔外(wai)還(huan)包(bao)含UPS后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源驅(qu)動系統(tong)(tong),以防止停電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)致系統(tong)(tong)無(wu)法工(gong)作。早期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源大(da)多采用鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池作為(wei)后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。由于鉛(qian)酸(suan)不環保,且(qie)能量比低,體積大(da),壽命短等缺(que)點,現在新建或(huo)改建升級的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)站都逐(zhu)漸開始采用鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池作為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)站后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于上(shang)述問題,我們客戶要求選用鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)主(zhu)體,后(hou)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)能支(zhi)持整個(ge)發射系統(tong)(tong)工(gong)作兩個(ge)小時以上(shang),且(qie)能滿足系統(tong)(tong)在野外(wai)長期工(gong)作的(de)要求。
根據客戶整個發射系統消耗功率和轉換效率,我們計算出電池組需48V 65Ah就能滿足客戶的工作時間要求。由于整組電池電壓高、整體電池容量比較大,環境溫度比較高,且為保證整個系統的穩定性,在鋰電池電芯(xin)(xin)方面(mian)我(wo)們(men)采用日本(ben)進口鋰電池芯(xin)(xin),該電芯(xin)(xin)的整體一致性高,每顆電芯(xin)(xin)都內置多(duo)重保護,包含(han)防爆閥,PTC等(deng)。
電(dian)源系(xi)統PCM保(bao)護(hu)系(xi)統單(dan)(dan)元包含:1 設(she)置檢測單(dan)(dan)串電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的過充,過放保(bao)護(hu);2 整組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度保(bao)護(hu),過流保(bao)護(hu),短路保(bao)護(hu);3 單(dan)(dan)串電(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間的平衡(heng)系(xi)統;
電(dian)池電(dian)量檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)部分包含檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)系(xi)統(tong)和顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)。檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)采用電(dian)流電(dian)壓運算(suan)的(de)方式,顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)和檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)準確度非常高,配合LCD顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)屏動(dong)態直觀(guan)的(de)全程檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)狀態。
二、。移動通訊微波發射塔(ta)后(hou)備電源電池設(she)計(ji)方案:
1)電池組設計參數:客戶要求1000W的交流(liu)供電(dian)系統能(neng)工(gong)作兩個小(xiao)時,我(wo)們根據UPS的轉換效率和配(pei)合(he)電(dian)壓(ya),計算(suan)出(chu)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)和容量為48.1V/65Ah,能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)系統滿(man)載工(gong)作150分(fen)鐘。
2)保(bao)護板(PCM)設(she)計參(can)數:具備單節過充,過放,溫度(du),過流(liu),短路保(bao)護等。具體保(bao)護參(can)數如下:
1、單(dan)節過充保護電壓(ya):4.22±0.25V
2、單(dan)節過(guo)充恢(hui)復電壓:4.15±0.50V
3、單節過放保護電壓:3.00±0.10V
4、單節過放恢(hui)復電壓:3.30±0.10V
5、組合電池過流保(bao)護值(zhi)(10ms):70A
6、充(chong)電平衡(heng)電流:50±10mA
7、充電(dian)平衡電(dian)壓(ya):4.18±25mV
8、電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)保(bao)護(hu)范圍(可(ke)恢(hui)復):-20~60度(du)
9、成品電池還具(ju)備短路保護
3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量監控系統(tong)(PCM)設(she)計功能:采用智(zhi)能的專用芯(xin)片(pian),配合LCD顯(xian)示(shi)屏:可根據需要實時(shi)通過(guo)按鍵來設(she)置顯(xian)示(shi)參數,顯(xian)示(shi)部分(fen)包含:電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)當(dang)前容(rong)量、當(dang)前容(rong)量百分(fen)比(bi),當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)剩余(yu)時(shi)間,電(dian)(dian)(dian)量百分(fen)比(bi)(RSOC)以(yi)及絕對剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量百分(fen)比(bi)(ASOC)。
4)電池(chi)整體(ti)結構(gou)設計要求:由于基(ji)站的分布區域(yu)廣,且是放置野外,除考(kao)慮(lv)與電池(chi)的絕緣(yuan)外,還需考(kao)慮(lv)防潮,不易老化(hua)變質等(deng),所以(yi)外殼結構(gou)采(cai)用(yong)玻纖板作為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)。由于電芯組(zu)(zu)合數量比較多,需考(kao)慮(lv)隔(ge)(ge)離和散熱(re)的問題,我們采(cai)用(yong)電池(chi)專用(yong)工程塑膠(jiao)支(zhi)架(jia)作為(wei)鋰電池(chi)組(zu)(zu)固定和隔(ge)(ge)離的主(zhu)體(ti)。
5)二次保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護:整組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池加設異(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)過流(liu)短路(lu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險絲(si),以防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池異(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)和保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護板失效導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大。在(zai)PCM系統異(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)后產生(sheng)過大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險絲(si)會切斷(duan)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)的輸出回(hui)路(lu),且不可恢(hui)復。
6)鋰電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin):采用(yong)日本原裝進口(kou)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin),18650鋰電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)/18650/2500mAh/3.7V,該電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)具備(bei)好的(de)安全性(xing)和一(yi)致性(xing),從而保證(zheng)了整個電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)可靠性(xing)。
三、移(yi)動通訊微波發射塔后(hou)備電源設計方框圖(tu):