本文介紹了幾種正確識別舊蓄電瓶正負電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)簡易(yi)方法(fa)．以(yi)供大家在自行充電(dian)(dian)或檢(jian)測時作快速(su)判斷。

1.根據蓄電(dian)瓶電(dian)極設計特點判斷(duan)

一般常用的蓄電瓶在生產設計時(shi)(shi)．其電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)樁(zhuang)較(jiao)粗些(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)一端為正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)．另(ling)一端則細(xi)些(xie)(xie)為負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，同時(shi)(shi)可辨認一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)樁(zhuang)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)顏色(se)，其中(zhong)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)樁(zhuang)柱(zhu)呈現(xian)深棕色(se)，而負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)則呈現(xian)為深灰(hui)色(se)。另(ling)外(wai)有些(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)標記(ji)用英文字母(mu)表(biao)示，即P表(biao)示為正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，N表(biao)示為負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)在檢修充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)可千萬不能搞錯。

2．采用萬用表電(dian)壓擋測量

可將萬用表撥至直流擋位上，兩表筆分別跨接在蓄電瓶兩電極上，此時若電瓶顯示出正常電壓值，則證明紅色表筆所觸的電極為電瓶正電(dian)(dian)極．而黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)處則為負電(dian)(dian)極。有時(shi)測得電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)無正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)存在，則可測量電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)的弱微存電(dian)(dian)量加以判(pan)斷。當兩表(biao)筆(bi)碰觸電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)電(dian)(dian)極后(hou)，表(biao)針(zhen)若向(xiang)右微微晃動(dong)，即證明紅筆(bi)處為電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)正電(dian)(dian)極．黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)處為負電(dian)(dian)極。但如果(guo)萬用表(biao)指針(zhen)向(xiang)左晃動(dong)(表(biao)針(zhen)反打(da))，則證明紅筆(bi)所觸及處為電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)的負電(dian)(dian)極。

3.采(cai)用(yong)導(dao)線(xian)短路進行(xing)識別

將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兩根銅(tong)芯電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)分別跨接(jie)(jie)在(zai)待測定的(de)舊電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)電(dian)極(ji)處，再將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)正(zheng)常(chang)配置好的(de)電(dian)解液(濃鹽水)倒入一(yi)只(zhi)玻璃茶杯(bei)內(nei)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)兩端(duan)分別插(cha)入茶杯(bei)內(nei)，并(bing)各自擱放在(zai)玻璃杯(bei)兩側邊沿(兩線(xian)(xian)在(zai)杯(bei)中(zhong)不能相(xiang)碰)，然后觀察各自引線(xian)(xian)端(duan)在(zai)電(dian)解液中(zhong)的(de)冒泡(pao)情況，如果某一(yi)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)氣泡(pao)上泛的(de)小泡(pao)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)而(er)又較多時．則說明(ming)電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)連接(jie)(jie)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)一(yi)端(duan)為負電(dian)極(ji)，氣泡(pao)上泛少而(er)又不明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)端(duan)則為電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)正(zheng)電(dian)極(ji)。

4.利(li)用整(zheng)流二極管(guan)測定

電源穩壓器中的整流二極管具有單向導電性能可找一支整流二極管．一只40w白熾燈．然后依次按電瓶的一個樁柱→二極管+端→二極管-端→白熾燈→電瓶另一樁柱順序串接起來，形成一個電燈串聯回路，此時若回路中的白熾燈被點燃發光，則證明二極管極端與電瓶樁柱連接處為電瓶的(de)正電極，另一端為電瓶的(de)負電極。