本文介紹了幾種正確識別舊蓄電瓶正負電(dian)極的簡易方法(fa)．以供大(da)家在自行充電(dian)或檢測(ce)時(shi)作快速判斷。

1.根據蓄(xu)電(dian)瓶電(dian)極設計特點(dian)判斷

一般常用的蓄電瓶在生產(chan)設(she)計時(shi)．其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)樁較粗些的一端為正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)．另一端則細些為負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，同時(shi)可辨認一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)樁柱的顏色，其中正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)樁柱呈(cheng)現深棕色，而負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)則呈(cheng)現為深灰色。另外有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的正(zheng)(zheng)負標記用英(ying)文(wen)字母表示，即P表示為正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，N表示為負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)在檢修充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)可千萬不能搞錯(cuo)。

2．采用萬(wan)用表(biao)電(dian)壓(ya)擋測量

可將萬用表撥至直流擋位上，兩表筆分別跨接在蓄電瓶兩電極上，此時若電瓶顯示出正常電壓值，則證明紅色表筆所觸的電極為電瓶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)．而黑表(biao)筆(bi)(bi)處(chu)則(ze)為(wei)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。有(you)時測得電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)無正(zheng)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓存在，則(ze)可測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)弱微(wei)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)量加以判斷。當兩表(biao)筆(bi)(bi)碰觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)后，表(biao)針(zhen)(zhen)若向右微(wei)微(wei)晃動，即證明(ming)紅筆(bi)(bi)處(chu)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)．黑表(biao)筆(bi)(bi)處(chu)為(wei)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。但如(ru)果萬用表(biao)指針(zhen)(zhen)向左晃動(表(biao)針(zhen)(zhen)反打)，則(ze)證明(ming)紅筆(bi)(bi)所觸(chu)及(ji)處(chu)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。

3.采用導線短路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)識別

將(jiang)兩根銅芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)分別(bie)跨接在(zai)待測定的舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)處，再將(jiang)正(zheng)常配置好的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(濃鹽水)倒入(ru)(ru)一只(zhi)玻璃茶杯(bei)內(nei)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)兩端(duan)(duan)分別(bie)插入(ru)(ru)茶杯(bei)內(nei)，并各自擱放在(zai)玻璃杯(bei)兩側(ce)邊沿(yan)(兩線(xian)(xian)在(zai)杯(bei)中(zhong)不能相碰)，然后觀察各自引線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)的冒泡(pao)情況(kuang)，如果(guo)某一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)氣(qi)泡(pao)上泛的小(xiao)泡(pao)明(ming)顯(xian)而又較多時(shi)．則說明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的一端(duan)(duan)為(wei)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，氣(qi)泡(pao)上泛少而又不明(ming)顯(xian)端(duan)(duan)則為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。

4.利用整流二(er)極管測定(ding)

電源穩壓器中的整流二極管具有單向導電性能可找一支整流二極管．一只40w白熾燈．然后依次按電瓶的一個樁柱→二極管+端→二極管-端→白熾燈→電瓶另一樁柱順序串接起來，形成一個電燈串聯回路，此時若回路中的白熾燈被點燃發光，則證明二極管極端與電瓶樁(zhuang)柱連接處為(wei)電瓶的(de)正電極(ji)，另一端為(wei)電瓶的(de)負電極(ji)。