本文介紹了幾種正確識別舊蓄電瓶正負電極的簡易(yi)方法．以供(gong)大家在自(zi)行充(chong)電或檢測時作快速(su)判斷。

1.根據(ju)蓄電(dian)瓶電(dian)極設(she)計特點判斷

一般常用的蓄電瓶在生產設計(ji)時(shi)．其電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)樁較粗些的(de)一端為(wei)(wei)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)．另(ling)一端則細(xi)些為(wei)(wei)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，同時(shi)可(ke)辨認一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)樁柱的(de)顏(yan)色(se)，其中正電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)樁柱呈(cheng)現(xian)深棕色(se)，而(er)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)則呈(cheng)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)深灰色(se)。另(ling)外(wai)有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)正負標(biao)記用英文字(zi)母表(biao)示，即P表(biao)示為(wei)(wei)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，N表(biao)示為(wei)(wei)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，這在檢修充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)可(ke)千萬不(bu)能搞錯(cuo)。

2．采用萬(wan)用表電壓擋(dang)測量

可將萬用表撥至直流擋位上，兩表筆分別跨接在蓄電瓶兩電極上，此時若電瓶顯示出正常電壓值，則證明紅色表筆所觸的電極為電瓶正電(dian)極(ji)．而黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)筆(bi)處則為(wei)負電(dian)極(ji)。有時(shi)測得(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)無正常電(dian)壓存(cun)(cun)在，則可測量電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的弱微(wei)存(cun)(cun)電(dian)量加以(yi)判斷。當兩(liang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)筆(bi)碰觸電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)電(dian)極(ji)后，表(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)若向右微(wei)微(wei)晃動(dong)，即證(zheng)明(ming)紅(hong)(hong)筆(bi)處為(wei)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)正電(dian)極(ji)．黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)筆(bi)處為(wei)負電(dian)極(ji)。但如果萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)指針(zhen)向左晃動(dong)(表(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)反(fan)打)，則證(zheng)明(ming)紅(hong)(hong)筆(bi)所觸及處為(wei)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的負電(dian)極(ji)。

3.采用導(dao)線短(duan)路(lu)進行識(shi)別

將(jiang)兩根銅芯電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分別(bie)跨(kua)接在待(dai)測(ce)定的(de)(de)舊電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)極處，再(zai)將(jiang)正(zheng)常配(pei)置好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(濃(nong)鹽水(shui))倒入一只(zhi)玻(bo)璃茶(cha)杯內(nei)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩端(duan)分別(bie)插入茶(cha)杯內(nei)，并(bing)各自擱放在玻(bo)璃杯兩側邊沿(兩線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在杯中不(bu)能相碰)，然(ran)后觀察各自引線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中的(de)(de)冒泡(pao)(pao)情況，如果(guo)某一電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)氣(qi)泡(pao)(pao)上泛(fan)的(de)(de)小泡(pao)(pao)明顯而(er)又較多時．則說明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)連接電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)一端(duan)為負電(dian)(dian)極，氣(qi)泡(pao)(pao)上泛(fan)少而(er)又不(bu)明顯端(duan)則為電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)極。

4.利用(yong)整流二極管測定

電源穩壓器中的整流二極管具有單向導電性能可找一支整流二極管．一只40w白熾燈．然后依次按電瓶的一個樁柱→二極管+端→二極管-端→白熾燈→電瓶另一樁柱順序串接起來，形成一個電燈串聯回路，此時若回路中的白熾燈被點燃發光，則證明二極管極端與電瓶樁柱連接處為電(dian)瓶的(de)正電(dian)極，另一端為電(dian)瓶的(de)負(fu)電(dian)極。